diff --git a/native/jni/Android.mk b/native/jni/Android.mk
index 1307d6703..b45766b4d 100644
--- a/native/jni/Android.mk
+++ b/native/jni/Android.mk
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
     init/rootdir.cpp \
     init/getinfo.cpp \
     init/twostage.cpp \
-    init/raw_data.cpp \
     core/socket.cpp \
     magiskpolicy/sepolicy.cpp \
     magiskpolicy/magiskpolicy.cpp \
diff --git a/native/jni/init/getinfo.cpp b/native/jni/init/getinfo.cpp
index aa3c9a899..b385432df 100644
--- a/native/jni/init/getinfo.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/init/getinfo.cpp
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ bool check_two_stage() {
     if (access("/system/bin/init", F_OK) == 0)
         return true;
     // If we still have no indication, parse the original init and see what's up
-    auto init = mmap_data::ro(backup_init());
+    auto init = mmap_data(backup_init());
     return init.contains("selinux_setup");
 }
 
diff --git a/native/jni/init/init.hpp b/native/jni/init/init.hpp
index 8b78137f3..409ed1d9f 100644
--- a/native/jni/init/init.hpp
+++ b/native/jni/init/init.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #include <utils.hpp>
 
-#include "raw_data.hpp"
-
 using kv_pairs = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>;
 
 struct BootConfig {
diff --git a/native/jni/init/mount.cpp b/native/jni/init/mount.cpp
index 32d7b17ad..a355f86ca 100644
--- a/native/jni/init/mount.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/init/mount.cpp
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ success:
 }
 
 void RootFSInit::early_mount() {
-    self = mmap_data::ro("/init");
+    self = mmap_data("/init");
 
     LOGD("Restoring /init\n");
     rename(backup_init(), "/init");
@@ -298,9 +298,9 @@ void SARBase::backup_files() {
     if (access("/overlay.d", F_OK) == 0)
         backup_folder("/overlay.d", overlays);
 
-    self = mmap_data::ro("/proc/self/exe");
+    self = mmap_data("/proc/self/exe");
     if (access("/.backup/.magisk", R_OK) == 0)
-        magisk_config = mmap_data::ro("/.backup/.magisk");
+        magisk_config = mmap_data("/.backup/.magisk");
 }
 
 void SARBase::mount_system_root() {
diff --git a/native/jni/init/raw_data.cpp b/native/jni/init/raw_data.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 3fa1027ee..000000000
--- a/native/jni/init/raw_data.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#include "raw_data.hpp"
-
-using namespace std;
-
-int mmap_data::patch(str_pairs list) {
-    if (buf == nullptr)
-        return 0;
-    int count = 0;
-    for (uint8_t *p = buf, *eof = buf + sz; p < eof; ++p) {
-        for (auto [from, to] : list) {
-            if (memcmp(p, from.data(), from.length() + 1) == 0) {
-                LOGD("Replace [%s] -> [%s]\n", from.data(), to.data());
-                memset(p, 0, from.length());
-                memcpy(p, to.data(), to.length());
-                ++count;
-                p += from.length();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return count;
-}
-
-bool mmap_data::contains(string_view pattern) {
-    if (buf == nullptr)
-        return false;
-    for (uint8_t *p = buf, *eof = buf + sz; p < eof; ++p) {
-        if (memcmp(p, pattern.data(), pattern.length() + 1) == 0) {
-            LOGD("Found pattern [%s]\n", pattern.data());
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-void mmap_data::consume(mmap_data &other) {
-    buf = other.buf;
-    sz = other.sz;
-    other.buf = nullptr;
-    other.sz = 0;
-}
-
-mmap_data mmap_data::rw(const char *name) {
-    mmap_data data;
-    mmap_rw(name, data.buf, data.sz);
-    return data;
-}
-
-mmap_data mmap_data::ro(const char *name) {
-    mmap_data data;
-    mmap_ro(name, data.buf, data.sz);
-    return data;
-}
diff --git a/native/jni/init/raw_data.hpp b/native/jni/init/raw_data.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6732ea826..000000000
--- a/native/jni/init/raw_data.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <utils.hpp>
-
-struct mmap_data {
-    uint8_t *buf = nullptr;
-    size_t sz = 0;
-
-    mmap_data() = default;
-    mmap_data(const mmap_data&) = delete;
-    mmap_data(mmap_data &&other) { consume(other); }
-    ~mmap_data() { if (buf) munmap(buf, sz); }
-    mmap_data& operator=(mmap_data &&other) { consume(other); return *this; }
-
-    using str_pairs = std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>>;
-    int patch(str_pairs list);
-    bool contains(std::string_view pattern);
-
-    static mmap_data rw(const char *name);
-    static mmap_data ro(const char *name);
-
-private:
-    void consume(mmap_data &other);
-};
diff --git a/native/jni/init/rootdir.cpp b/native/jni/init/rootdir.cpp
index 436748f0f..62077bd4a 100644
--- a/native/jni/init/rootdir.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/init/rootdir.cpp
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ static void patch_socket_name(const char *path) {
     static char rstr[16] = { 0 };
     if (rstr[0] == '\0')
         gen_rand_str(rstr, sizeof(rstr));
-    auto bin = mmap_data::rw(path);
+    auto bin = mmap_data(path, true);
     bin.patch({ make_pair(MAIN_SOCKET, rstr) });
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void SARBase::patch_rootdir() {
     int patch_count;
     {
         int src = xopen("/init", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-        auto init = mmap_data::ro("/init");
+        auto init = mmap_data("/init");
         patch_count = init.patch({
             make_pair(SPLIT_PLAT_CIL, "xxx"), /* Force loading monolithic sepolicy */
             make_pair(MONOPOLICY, sepol)      /* Redirect /sepolicy to custom path */
@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ void SARBase::patch_rootdir() {
         if (path) {
             char ovl[128];
             sprintf(ovl, ROOTOVL "%s", path);
-            auto lib = mmap_data::ro(path);
-            lib.patch({make_pair(MONOPOLICY, sepol)});
+            auto lib = mmap_data(path);
+            lib.patch({ make_pair(MONOPOLICY, sepol) });
             xmkdirs(dirname(ovl), 0755);
             int dest = xopen(ovl, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0);
             xwrite(dest, lib.buf, lib.sz);
@@ -290,19 +290,19 @@ void SARBase::patch_rootdir() {
         xmkdirs(dirname(ROOTOVL NEW_INITRC), 0755);
         patch_init_rc(NEW_INITRC, ROOTOVL NEW_INITRC, tmp_dir.data());
     } else {
-        patch_init_rc("/init.rc", ROOTOVL "/init.rc", tmp_dir.data());        
+        patch_init_rc("/init.rc", ROOTOVL "/init.rc", tmp_dir.data());
     }
 
     // Extract magisk
     {
-        auto magisk = mmap_data::ro("magisk32.xz");
+        auto magisk = mmap_data("magisk32.xz");
         unlink("magisk32.xz");
         int fd = xopen("magisk32", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0755);
         unxz(fd, magisk.buf, magisk.sz);
         close(fd);
         patch_socket_name("magisk32");
         if (access("magisk64.xz", F_OK) == 0) {
-            magisk = mmap_data::ro("magisk64.xz");
+            magisk = mmap_data("magisk64.xz");
             unlink("magisk64.xz");
             fd = xopen("magisk64", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0755);
             unxz(fd, magisk.buf, magisk.sz);
@@ -344,13 +344,13 @@ void RootFSBase::patch_rootfs() {
 
     if (patch_sepolicy("/sepolicy")) {
         if (access("/system/bin/init", F_OK) == 0) {
-            auto init = mmap_data::ro("/system/bin/init");
+            auto init = mmap_data("/system/bin/init");
             init.patch({ make_pair(SPLIT_PLAT_CIL, "xxx") });
             int dest = xopen("/init", O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0);
             xwrite(dest, init.buf, init.sz);
             close(dest);
         } else {
-            auto init = mmap_data::rw("/init");
+            auto init = mmap_data("/init", true);
             init.patch({ make_pair(SPLIT_PLAT_CIL, "xxx") });
         }
     }
@@ -376,10 +376,10 @@ void MagiskProxy::start() {
     xmount(nullptr, "/", nullptr, MS_REMOUNT, nullptr);
 
     // Backup stuffs before removing them
-    self = mmap_data::ro("/sbin/magisk");
-    magisk_config = mmap_data::ro("/.backup/.magisk");
-    auto magisk = mmap_data::ro("/sbin/magisk32.xz");
-    auto magisk64 = mmap_data::ro("/sbin/magisk64.xz");
+    self = mmap_data("/sbin/magisk");
+    magisk_config = mmap_data("/.backup/.magisk");
+    auto magisk = mmap_data("/sbin/magisk32.xz");
+    auto magisk64 = mmap_data("/sbin/magisk64.xz");
     char custom_rules_dir[64];
     custom_rules_dir[0] = '\0';
     xreadlink(TMP_RULESDIR, custom_rules_dir, sizeof(custom_rules_dir));
diff --git a/native/jni/init/twostage.cpp b/native/jni/init/twostage.cpp
index 405f66fb2..b929435a1 100644
--- a/native/jni/init/twostage.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/init/twostage.cpp
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ exit_loop:
         }
 
         // Patch init to force IsDtFstabCompatible() return false
-        auto init = mmap_data::rw("/init");
+        auto init = mmap_data("/init", true);
         init.patch({ make_pair("android,fstab", "xxx") });
     } else {
         // Parse and load the fstab file
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ void SARInit::first_stage_prep() {
     int src = xopen("/init", O_RDONLY);
     int dest = xopen("/dev/init", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0);
     {
-        auto init = mmap_data::ro("/init");
+        auto init = mmap_data("/init");
         init.patch({ make_pair(INIT_PATH, REDIR_PATH) });
         write(dest, init.buf, init.sz);
         fclone_attr(src, dest);
diff --git a/native/jni/magiskboot/bootimg.cpp b/native/jni/magiskboot/bootimg.cpp
index 7bd6b66d3..3b1d213df 100644
--- a/native/jni/magiskboot/bootimg.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/magiskboot/bootimg.cpp
@@ -148,11 +148,10 @@ void dyn_img_hdr::load_hdr_file() {
     });
 }
 
-boot_img::boot_img(const char *image) {
-    mmap_ro(image, map_addr, map_size);
+boot_img::boot_img(const char *image) : map(image) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Parsing boot image: [%s]\n", image);
-    for (uint8_t *addr = map_addr; addr < map_addr + map_size; ++addr) {
-        format_t fmt = check_fmt(addr, map_size);
+    for (uint8_t *addr = map.buf; addr < map.buf + map.sz; ++addr) {
+        format_t fmt = check_fmt(addr, map.sz);
         switch (fmt) {
         case CHROMEOS:
             // chromeos require external signing
@@ -182,7 +181,6 @@ boot_img::boot_img(const char *image) {
 }
 
 boot_img::~boot_img() {
-    munmap(map_addr, map_size);
     delete hdr;
 }
 
@@ -405,9 +403,9 @@ void boot_img::parse_image(uint8_t *addr, format_t type) {
         fprintf(stderr, "%-*s [%s]\n", PADDING, "EXTRA_FMT", fmt2name[e_fmt]);
     }
 
-    if (addr + off < map_addr + map_size) {
+    if (addr + off < map.buf + map.sz) {
         tail = addr + off;
-        tail_size = map_addr + map_size - tail;
+        tail_size = map.buf + map.sz - tail;
 
         // Check special flags
         if (tail_size >= 16 && BUFFER_MATCH(tail, SEANDROID_MAGIC)) {
@@ -434,21 +432,18 @@ void boot_img::parse_image(uint8_t *addr, format_t type) {
 }
 
 int split_image_dtb(const char *filename) {
-    uint8_t *buf;
-    size_t sz;
-    mmap_ro(filename, buf, sz);
-    run_finally f([=]{ munmap(buf, sz); });
+    auto img = mmap_data(filename);
 
-    if (int off = find_dtb_offset(buf, sz); off > 0) {
-        format_t fmt = check_fmt_lg(buf, sz);
+    if (int off = find_dtb_offset(img.buf, img.sz); off > 0) {
+        format_t fmt = check_fmt_lg(img.buf, img.sz);
         if (COMPRESSED(fmt)) {
             int fd = creat(KERNEL_FILE, 0644);
-            decompress(fmt, fd, buf, off);
+            decompress(fmt, fd, img.buf, off);
             close(fd);
         } else {
-            dump(buf, off, KERNEL_FILE);
+            dump(img.buf, off, KERNEL_FILE);
         }
-        dump(buf + off, sz - off, KER_DTB_FILE);
+        dump(img.buf + off, img.sz - off, KER_DTB_FILE);
         return 0;
     } else {
         fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find DTB in %s\n", filename);
@@ -546,11 +541,11 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
         // Skip DHTB header
         write_zero(fd, sizeof(dhtb_hdr));
     } else if (boot.flags[BLOB_FLAG]) {
-        xwrite(fd, boot.map_addr, sizeof(blob_hdr));
+        xwrite(fd, boot.map.buf, sizeof(blob_hdr));
     } else if (boot.flags[NOOKHD_FLAG]) {
-        xwrite(fd, boot.map_addr, NOOKHD_PRE_HEADER_SZ);
+        xwrite(fd, boot.map.buf, NOOKHD_PRE_HEADER_SZ);
     } else if (boot.flags[ACCLAIM_FLAG]) {
-        xwrite(fd, boot.map_addr, ACCLAIM_PRE_HEADER_SZ);
+        xwrite(fd, boot.map.buf, ACCLAIM_PRE_HEADER_SZ);
     }
 
     // Copy raw header
@@ -568,15 +563,13 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
         xwrite(fd, boot.z_hdr, boot.z_info.hdr_sz);
     }
     if (access(KERNEL_FILE, R_OK) == 0) {
-        size_t raw_size;
-        void *raw_buf;
-        mmap_ro(KERNEL_FILE, raw_buf, raw_size);
-        if (!COMPRESSED_ANY(check_fmt(raw_buf, raw_size)) && COMPRESSED(boot.k_fmt)) {
+        auto m = mmap_data(KERNEL_FILE);
+        if (!COMPRESSED_ANY(check_fmt(m.buf, m.sz)) && COMPRESSED(boot.k_fmt)) {
             // Always use zopfli for zImage compression
             auto fmt = (boot.flags[ZIMAGE_KERNEL] && boot.k_fmt == GZIP) ? ZOPFLI : boot.k_fmt;
-            hdr->kernel_size() = compress(fmt, fd, raw_buf, raw_size);
+            hdr->kernel_size() = compress(fmt, fd, m.buf, m.sz);
         } else {
-            hdr->kernel_size() = xwrite(fd, raw_buf, raw_size);
+            hdr->kernel_size() = xwrite(fd, m.buf, m.sz);
         }
 
         if (boot.flags[ZIMAGE_KERNEL]) {
@@ -587,7 +580,7 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
             } else {
                 // Pad zeros to make sure the zImage file size does not change
                 // Also ensure the last 4 bytes are the uncompressed vmlinux size
-                uint32_t sz = raw_size;
+                uint32_t sz = m.sz;
                 write_zero(fd, boot.hdr->kernel_size() - hdr->kernel_size() - sizeof(sz));
                 xwrite(fd, &sz, sizeof(sz));
             }
@@ -595,8 +588,6 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
             // zImage size shall remain the same
             hdr->kernel_size() = boot.hdr->kernel_size();
         }
-
-        munmap(raw_buf, raw_size);
     }
     if (boot.flags[ZIMAGE_KERNEL]) {
         // Copy zImage tail and adjust size accordingly
@@ -616,15 +607,12 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
         xwrite(fd, boot.r_hdr, sizeof(mtk_hdr));
     }
     if (access(RAMDISK_FILE, R_OK) == 0) {
-        size_t raw_size;
-        void *raw_buf;
-        mmap_ro(RAMDISK_FILE, raw_buf, raw_size);
-        if (!skip_comp && !COMPRESSED_ANY(check_fmt(raw_buf, raw_size)) && COMPRESSED(boot.r_fmt)) {
-            hdr->ramdisk_size() = compress(boot.r_fmt, fd, raw_buf, raw_size);
+        auto m = mmap_data(RAMDISK_FILE);
+        if (!skip_comp && !COMPRESSED_ANY(check_fmt(m.buf, m.sz)) && COMPRESSED(boot.r_fmt)) {
+            hdr->ramdisk_size() = compress(boot.r_fmt, fd, m.buf, m.sz);
         } else {
-            hdr->ramdisk_size() = xwrite(fd, raw_buf, raw_size);
+            hdr->ramdisk_size() = xwrite(fd, m.buf, m.sz);
         }
-        munmap(raw_buf, raw_size);
         file_align();
     }
 
@@ -638,15 +626,12 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
     // extra
     off.extra = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
     if (access(EXTRA_FILE, R_OK) == 0) {
-        size_t raw_size;
-        void *raw_buf;
-        mmap_ro(EXTRA_FILE, raw_buf, raw_size);
-        if (!skip_comp && !COMPRESSED_ANY(check_fmt(raw_buf, raw_size)) && COMPRESSED(boot.e_fmt)) {
-            hdr->extra_size() = compress(boot.e_fmt, fd, raw_buf, raw_size);
+        auto m = mmap_data(EXTRA_FILE);
+        if (!skip_comp && !COMPRESSED_ANY(check_fmt(m.buf, m.sz)) && COMPRESSED(boot.e_fmt)) {
+            hdr->extra_size() = compress(boot.e_fmt, fd, m.buf, m.sz);
         } else {
-            hdr->extra_size() = xwrite(fd, raw_buf, raw_size);
+            hdr->extra_size() = xwrite(fd, m.buf, m.sz);
         }
-        munmap(raw_buf, raw_size);
         file_align();
     }
 
@@ -696,8 +681,8 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
     // Pad image to original size if not chromeos (as it requires post processing)
     if (!boot.flags[CHROMEOS_FLAG]) {
         off_t current = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
-        if (current < boot.map_size) {
-            write_zero(fd, boot.map_size - current);
+        if (current < boot.map.sz) {
+            write_zero(fd, boot.map.sz - current);
         }
     }
 
@@ -708,18 +693,16 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
      ******************/
 
     // Map output image as rw
-    uint8_t *new_addr;
-    size_t new_size;
-    mmap_rw(out_img, new_addr, new_size);
+    auto out = mmap_data(out_img, true);
 
     // MTK headers
     if (boot.flags[MTK_KERNEL]) {
-        auto m_hdr = reinterpret_cast<mtk_hdr *>(new_addr + off.kernel);
+        auto m_hdr = reinterpret_cast<mtk_hdr *>(out.buf + off.kernel);
         m_hdr->size = hdr->kernel_size();
         hdr->kernel_size() += sizeof(mtk_hdr);
     }
     if (boot.flags[MTK_RAMDISK]) {
-        auto m_hdr = reinterpret_cast<mtk_hdr *>(new_addr + off.ramdisk);
+        auto m_hdr = reinterpret_cast<mtk_hdr *>(out.buf + off.ramdisk);
         m_hdr->size = hdr->ramdisk_size();
         hdr->ramdisk_size() += sizeof(mtk_hdr);
     }
@@ -732,28 +715,28 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
         HASH_CTX ctx;
         boot.flags[SHA256_FLAG] ? SHA256_init(&ctx) : SHA_init(&ctx);
         uint32_t size = hdr->kernel_size();
-        HASH_update(&ctx, new_addr + off.kernel, size);
+        HASH_update(&ctx, out.buf + off.kernel, size);
         HASH_update(&ctx, &size, sizeof(size));
         size = hdr->ramdisk_size();
-        HASH_update(&ctx, new_addr + off.ramdisk, size);
+        HASH_update(&ctx, out.buf + off.ramdisk, size);
         HASH_update(&ctx, &size, sizeof(size));
         size = hdr->second_size();
-        HASH_update(&ctx, new_addr + off.second, size);
+        HASH_update(&ctx, out.buf + off.second, size);
         HASH_update(&ctx, &size, sizeof(size));
         size = hdr->extra_size();
         if (size) {
-            HASH_update(&ctx, new_addr + off.extra, size);
+            HASH_update(&ctx, out.buf + off.extra, size);
             HASH_update(&ctx, &size, sizeof(size));
         }
         uint32_t ver = hdr->header_version();
         if (ver == 1 || ver == 2) {
             size = hdr->recovery_dtbo_size();
-            HASH_update(&ctx, new_addr + hdr->recovery_dtbo_offset(), size);
+            HASH_update(&ctx, out.buf + hdr->recovery_dtbo_offset(), size);
             HASH_update(&ctx, &size, sizeof(size));
         }
         if (ver == 2) {
             size = hdr->dtb_size();
-            HASH_update(&ctx, new_addr + off.dtb, size);
+            HASH_update(&ctx, out.buf + off.dtb, size);
             HASH_update(&ctx, &size, sizeof(size));
         }
         memset(id, 0, BOOT_ID_SIZE);
@@ -764,12 +747,12 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
     hdr->print();
 
     // Copy main header
-    memcpy(new_addr + off.header, hdr->raw_hdr(), hdr->hdr_size());
+    memcpy(out.buf + off.header, hdr->raw_hdr(), hdr->hdr_size());
 
     if (boot.flags[AVB_FLAG]) {
         // Copy and patch AVB structures
-        auto footer = reinterpret_cast<AvbFooter*>(new_addr + new_size - sizeof(AvbFooter));
-        auto vbmeta = reinterpret_cast<AvbVBMetaImageHeader*>(new_addr + off.vbmeta);
+        auto footer = reinterpret_cast<AvbFooter*>(out.buf + out.sz - sizeof(AvbFooter));
+        auto vbmeta = reinterpret_cast<AvbVBMetaImageHeader*>(out.buf + off.vbmeta);
         memcpy(footer, boot.avb_footer, sizeof(AvbFooter));
         footer->original_image_size = __builtin_bswap64(off.total);
         footer->vbmeta_offset = __builtin_bswap64(off.vbmeta);
@@ -780,15 +763,13 @@ void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp) {
 
     if (boot.flags[DHTB_FLAG]) {
         // DHTB header
-        auto d_hdr = reinterpret_cast<dhtb_hdr *>(new_addr);
+        auto d_hdr = reinterpret_cast<dhtb_hdr *>(out.buf);
         memcpy(d_hdr, DHTB_MAGIC, 8);
         d_hdr->size = off.total - sizeof(dhtb_hdr);
-        SHA256_hash(new_addr + sizeof(dhtb_hdr), d_hdr->size, d_hdr->checksum);
+        SHA256_hash(out.buf + sizeof(dhtb_hdr), d_hdr->size, d_hdr->checksum);
     } else if (boot.flags[BLOB_FLAG]) {
         // Blob header
-        auto b_hdr = reinterpret_cast<blob_hdr *>(new_addr);
+        auto b_hdr = reinterpret_cast<blob_hdr *>(out.buf);
         b_hdr->size = off.total - sizeof(blob_hdr);
     }
-
-    munmap(new_addr, new_size);
 }
diff --git a/native/jni/magiskboot/bootimg.hpp b/native/jni/magiskboot/bootimg.hpp
index eb9f960bd..6f7097835 100644
--- a/native/jni/magiskboot/bootimg.hpp
+++ b/native/jni/magiskboot/bootimg.hpp
@@ -563,8 +563,7 @@ enum {
 
 struct boot_img {
     // Memory map of the whole image
-    uint8_t *map_addr;
-    size_t map_size;
+    mmap_data map;
 
     // Android image header
     dyn_img_hdr *hdr;
diff --git a/native/jni/magiskboot/cpio.cpp b/native/jni/magiskboot/cpio.cpp
index eca5cc8be..8b64c47da 100644
--- a/native/jni/magiskboot/cpio.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/magiskboot/cpio.cpp
@@ -151,12 +151,9 @@ void cpio::dump(FILE *out) {
 }
 
 void cpio::load_cpio(const char *file) {
-    char *buf;
-    size_t sz;
-    mmap_ro(file, buf, sz);
     fprintf(stderr, "Loading cpio: [%s]\n", file);
-    load_cpio(buf, sz);
-    munmap(buf, sz);
+    auto m = mmap_data(file);
+    load_cpio(reinterpret_cast<char *>(m.buf), m.sz);
 }
 
 void cpio::insert(string_view name, cpio_entry *e) {
@@ -169,14 +166,11 @@ void cpio::insert(string_view name, cpio_entry *e) {
 }
 
 void cpio::add(mode_t mode, const char *name, const char *file) {
-    void *buf;
-    size_t sz;
-    mmap_ro(file, buf, sz);
+    auto m = mmap_data(file);
     auto e = new cpio_entry(S_IFREG | mode);
-    e->filesize = sz;
-    e->data = xmalloc(sz);
-    memcpy(e->data, buf, sz);
-    munmap(buf, sz);
+    e->filesize = m.sz;
+    e->data = xmalloc(m.sz);
+    memcpy(e->data, m.buf, m.sz);
     insert(name, e);
     fprintf(stderr, "Add entry [%s] (%04o)\n", name, mode);
 }
diff --git a/native/jni/magiskboot/dtb.cpp b/native/jni/magiskboot/dtb.cpp
index fa6f839c6..d8f0e4bc7 100644
--- a/native/jni/magiskboot/dtb.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/magiskboot/dtb.cpp
@@ -94,32 +94,29 @@ static int find_fstab(const void *fdt, int node = 0) {
 }
 
 static void dtb_print(const char *file, bool fstab) {
-    size_t size;
-    uint8_t *dtb;
     fprintf(stderr, "Loading dtbs from [%s]\n", file);
-    mmap_ro(file, dtb, size);
+    auto m = mmap_data(file);
     // Loop through all the dtbs
     int dtb_num = 0;
-    uint8_t * const end = dtb + size;
-    for (uint8_t *fdt = dtb; fdt < end;) {
+    uint8_t * const end = m.buf + m.sz;
+    for (uint8_t *fdt = m.buf; fdt < end;) {
         fdt = static_cast<uint8_t*>(memmem(fdt, end - fdt, DTB_MAGIC, sizeof(fdt32_t)));
         if (fdt == nullptr)
             break;
         if (fstab) {
             int node = find_fstab(fdt);
             if (node >= 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Found fstab in dtb.%04d\n", dtb_num);
+                fprintf(stderr, "Found fstab in buf.%04d\n", dtb_num);
                 print_node(fdt, node);
             }
         } else {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Printing dtb.%04d\n", dtb_num);
+            fprintf(stderr, "Printing buf.%04d\n", dtb_num);
             print_node(fdt);
         }
         ++dtb_num;
         fdt += fdt_totalsize(fdt);
     }
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-    munmap(dtb, size);
 }
 
 [[maybe_unused]]
@@ -128,14 +125,12 @@ static bool dtb_patch_rebuild(uint8_t *dtb, size_t dtb_sz, const char *file);
 static bool dtb_patch(const char *file) {
     bool keep_verity = check_env("KEEPVERITY");
 
-    size_t size;
-    uint8_t *dtb;
     fprintf(stderr, "Loading dtbs from [%s]\n", file);
-    mmap_rw(file, dtb, size);
+    auto m = mmap_data(file, true);
 
     bool patched = false;
-    uint8_t * const end = dtb + size;
-    for (uint8_t *fdt = dtb; fdt < end;) {
+    uint8_t * const end = m.buf + m.sz;
+    for (uint8_t *fdt = m.buf; fdt < end;) {
         fdt = static_cast<uint8_t*>(memmem(fdt, end - fdt, DTB_MAGIC, sizeof(fdt32_t)));
         if (fdt == nullptr)
             break;
@@ -165,8 +160,6 @@ static bool dtb_patch(const char *file) {
         }
         fdt += fdt_totalsize(fdt);
     }
-
-    munmap(dtb, size);
     return patched;
 }
 
diff --git a/native/jni/magiskboot/hexpatch.cpp b/native/jni/magiskboot/hexpatch.cpp
index b32d99553..65ecb5849 100644
--- a/native/jni/magiskboot/hexpatch.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/magiskboot/hexpatch.cpp
@@ -15,13 +15,10 @@ static void hex2byte(const char *hex, uint8_t *buf) {
     }
 }
 
-int hexpatch(const char *image, const char *from, const char *to) {
+int hexpatch(const char *file, const char *from, const char *to) {
     int patched = 1;
 
-    uint8_t *buf;
-    size_t sz;
-    mmap_rw(image, buf, sz);
-    run_finally f([=]{ munmap(buf, sz); });
+    auto m = mmap_data(file, true);
 
     vector<uint8_t> pattern(strlen(from) / 2);
     vector<uint8_t> patch(strlen(to) / 2);
@@ -29,12 +26,12 @@ int hexpatch(const char *image, const char *from, const char *to) {
     hex2byte(from, pattern.data());
     hex2byte(to, patch.data());
 
-    uint8_t * const end = buf + sz;
-    for (uint8_t *curr = buf; curr < end; curr += pattern.size()) {
+    uint8_t * const end = m.buf + m.sz;
+    for (uint8_t *curr = m.buf; curr < end; curr += pattern.size()) {
         curr = static_cast<uint8_t*>(memmem(curr, end - curr, pattern.data(), pattern.size()));
         if (curr == nullptr)
             return patched;
-        fprintf(stderr, "Patch @ %08X [%s] -> [%s]\n", (unsigned)(curr - buf), from, to);
+        fprintf(stderr, "Patch @ %08X [%s] -> [%s]\n", (unsigned)(curr - m.buf), from, to);
         memset(curr, 0, pattern.size());
         memcpy(curr, patch.data(), patch.size());
         patched = 0;
diff --git a/native/jni/magiskboot/magiskboot.hpp b/native/jni/magiskboot/magiskboot.hpp
index 320e13616..eebc11df1 100644
--- a/native/jni/magiskboot/magiskboot.hpp
+++ b/native/jni/magiskboot/magiskboot.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 int unpack(const char *image, bool skip_decomp = false, bool hdr = false);
 void repack(const char *src_img, const char *out_img, bool skip_comp = false);
 int split_image_dtb(const char *filename);
-int hexpatch(const char *image, const char *from, const char *to);
+int hexpatch(const char *file, const char *from, const char *to);
 int cpio_commands(int argc, char *argv[]);
 int dtb_commands(int argc, char *argv[]);
 
diff --git a/native/jni/magiskboot/main.cpp b/native/jni/magiskboot/main.cpp
index 5cc88caf8..f55b52a5c 100644
--- a/native/jni/magiskboot/main.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/magiskboot/main.cpp
@@ -137,14 +137,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         unlink(DTB_FILE);
     } else if (argc > 2 && action == "sha1") {
         uint8_t sha1[SHA_DIGEST_SIZE];
-        void *buf;
-        size_t size;
-        mmap_ro(argv[2], buf, size);
-        SHA_hash(buf, size, sha1);
+        auto m = mmap_data(argv[2]);
+        SHA_hash(m.buf, m.sz, sha1);
         for (uint8_t i : sha1)
             printf("%02x", i);
         printf("\n");
-        munmap(buf, size);
     } else if (argc > 2 && action == "split") {
         return split_image_dtb(argv[2]);
     } else if (argc > 2 && action == "unpack") {
diff --git a/native/jni/magiskpolicy/policydb.cpp b/native/jni/magiskpolicy/policydb.cpp
index 380eea63d..24154e821 100644
--- a/native/jni/magiskpolicy/policydb.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/magiskpolicy/policydb.cpp
@@ -74,12 +74,9 @@ static bool check_precompiled(const char *precompiled) {
 }
 
 static void load_cil(struct cil_db *db, const char *file) {
-    char *addr;
-    size_t size;
-    mmap_ro(file, addr, size);
-    cil_add_file(db, (char *) file, addr, size);
+    auto d = mmap_data(file);
+    cil_add_file(db, (char *) file, (char *) d.buf, d.sz);
     LOGD("cil_add [%s]\n", file);
-    munmap(addr, size);
 }
 
 sepolicy *sepolicy::from_file(const char *file) {
diff --git a/native/jni/resetprop/persist_properties.cpp b/native/jni/resetprop/persist_properties.cpp
index ad0acd51b..410eed1e0 100644
--- a/native/jni/resetprop/persist_properties.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/resetprop/persist_properties.cpp
@@ -137,12 +137,9 @@ static void pb_getprop(prop_cb *prop_cb) {
     PersistentProperties props = {};
     props.properties.funcs.decode = prop_decode;
     props.properties.arg = prop_cb;
-    pb_byte_t *buf;
-    size_t size;
-    mmap_ro(PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR "/persistent_properties", buf, size);
-    pb_istream_t stream = pb_istream_from_buffer(buf, size);
+    auto m = mmap_data(PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR "/persistent_properties");
+    pb_istream_t stream = pb_istream_from_buffer(m.buf, m.sz);
     pb_decode(&stream, &PersistentProperties_msg, &props);
-    munmap(buf, size);
 }
 
 static bool file_getprop(const char *name, char *value) {
diff --git a/native/jni/utils/files.cpp b/native/jni/utils/files.cpp
index cbb8bd669..36584efce 100644
--- a/native/jni/utils/files.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/utils/files.cpp
@@ -272,28 +272,6 @@ void fclone_attr(int src, int dest) {
     fsetattr(dest, &a);
 }
 
-void *__mmap(const char *filename, size_t *size, bool rw) {
-    int fd = xopen(filename, (rw ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY) | O_CLOEXEC);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        *size = 0;
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    struct stat st;
-    if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
-        *size = 0;
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))
-        ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE64, size);
-    else
-        *size = st.st_size;
-    void *buf = *size > 0 ?
-            xmmap(nullptr, *size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, rw ? MAP_SHARED : MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0) :
-            nullptr;
-    close(fd);
-    return buf;
-}
-
 void fd_full_read(int fd, void **buf, size_t *size) {
     *size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
@@ -439,15 +417,58 @@ sFILE make_file(FILE *fp) {
     return sFILE(fp, [](FILE *fp){ return fp ? fclose(fp) : 1; });
 }
 
-raw_file::raw_file(raw_file &&o) {
-    path.swap(o.path);
-    attr = o.attr;
-    buf = o.buf;
-    sz = o.sz;
-    o.buf = nullptr;
-    o.sz = 0;
+int byte_data::patch(bool log, str_pairs list) {
+    if (buf == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    int count = 0;
+    for (uint8_t *p = buf, *eof = buf + sz; p < eof; ++p) {
+        for (auto [from, to] : list) {
+            if (memcmp(p, from.data(), from.length() + 1) == 0) {
+                if (log) LOGD("Replace [%s] -> [%s]\n", from.data(), to.data());
+                memset(p, 0, from.length());
+                memcpy(p, to.data(), to.length());
+                ++count;
+                p += from.length();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return count;
 }
 
-raw_file::~raw_file() {
-    free(buf);
+bool byte_data::contains(string_view pattern, bool log) const {
+    if (buf == nullptr)
+        return false;
+    for (uint8_t *p = buf, *eof = buf + sz; p < eof; ++p) {
+        if (memcmp(p, pattern.data(), pattern.length() + 1) == 0) {
+            if (log) LOGD("Found pattern [%s]\n", pattern.data());
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void byte_data::swap(byte_data &o) {
+    std::swap(buf, o.buf);
+    std::swap(sz, o.sz);
+}
+
+mmap_data::mmap_data(const char *name, bool rw) {
+    int fd = xopen(name, (rw ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY) | O_CLOEXEC);
+    if (fd < 0)
+        return;
+    struct stat st;
+    if (fstat(fd, &st))
+        return;
+    if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
+        uint64_t size;
+        ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE64, &size);
+        sz = size;
+    } else {
+        sz = st.st_size;
+    }
+    void *b = sz > 0
+            ? xmmap(nullptr, sz, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, rw ? MAP_SHARED : MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0)
+            : nullptr;
+    close(fd);
+    buf = static_cast<uint8_t *>(b);
 }
diff --git a/native/jni/utils/files.hpp b/native/jni/utils/files.hpp
index 9e78c4afd..555ab1461 100644
--- a/native/jni/utils/files.hpp
+++ b/native/jni/utils/files.hpp
@@ -26,16 +26,36 @@ struct file_attr {
     char con[128];
 };
 
-struct raw_file {
+struct byte_data {
+    using str_pairs = std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>>;
+
+    uint8_t *buf = nullptr;
+    size_t sz = 0;
+
+    int patch(str_pairs list) { return patch(true, list); }
+    int patch(bool log, str_pairs list);
+    bool contains(std::string_view pattern, bool log = true) const;
+protected:
+    void swap(byte_data &o);
+};
+
+struct raw_file : public byte_data {
     std::string path;
     file_attr attr;
-    uint8_t *buf;
-    size_t sz;
 
-    raw_file() : attr({}), buf(nullptr), sz(0) {}
+    raw_file() : attr{} {}
     raw_file(const raw_file&) = delete;
-    raw_file(raw_file &&o);
-    ~raw_file();
+    raw_file(raw_file &&o) : path(std::move(o.path)), attr(o.attr) { swap(o); }
+    ~raw_file() { free(buf); }
+};
+
+struct mmap_data : public byte_data {
+    mmap_data() = default;
+    mmap_data(const mmap_data&) = delete;
+    mmap_data(mmap_data &&o) { swap(o); }
+    mmap_data(const char *name, bool rw = false);
+    ~mmap_data() { if (buf) munmap(buf, sz); }
+    mmap_data& operator=(mmap_data &&other) { swap(other); return *this; }
 };
 
 ssize_t fd_path(int fd, char *path, size_t size);
@@ -67,7 +87,6 @@ static inline void file_readline(const char *file,
 }
 void parse_prop_file(const char *file,
         const std::function<bool(std::string_view, std::string_view)> &fn);
-void *__mmap(const char *filename, size_t *size, bool rw);
 void frm_rf(int dirfd);
 void clone_dir(int src, int dest);
 void parse_mnt(const char *file, const std::function<bool(mntent*)> &fn);
@@ -86,30 +105,6 @@ void fd_full_read(int fd, T &buf, size_t &size) {
     fd_full_read(fd, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&buf), &size);
 }
 
-template <typename B>
-void mmap_ro(const char *filename, B &buf, size_t &sz) {
-    buf = (B) __mmap(filename, &sz, false);
-}
-
-template <typename B, typename L>
-void mmap_ro(const char *filename, B &buf, L &sz) {
-    size_t __sz;
-    buf = (B) __mmap(filename, &__sz, false);
-    sz = __sz;
-}
-
-template <typename B>
-void mmap_rw(const char *filename, B &buf, size_t &sz) {
-    buf = (B) __mmap(filename, &sz, true);
-}
-
-template <typename B, typename L>
-void mmap_rw(const char *filename, B &buf, L &sz) {
-    size_t __sz;
-    buf = (B) __mmap(filename, &__sz, true);
-    sz = __sz;
-}
-
 using sFILE = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>;
 using sDIR = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>;
 sDIR make_dir(DIR *dp);