headscale/docs/Running.md

# Running headscale

## Server configuration

1. Download the headscale binary https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases, and place it somewhere in your $PATH or use the docker container

   ```shell
   docker pull headscale/headscale:x.x.x
   ```

   <!--
    or
    ```shell
    docker pull ghrc.io/juanfont/headscale:x.x.x
    ``` -->

2. When running headscale in a docker container, prepare a directory to hold all configuration

   ```shell
   mkdir config
   ```

3. Get yourself a DB

   a) Get a Postgres DB running in Docker:

   ```shell
   docker run --name headscale \
     -e POSTGRES_DB=headscale
     -e POSTGRES_USER=foo \
     -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=bar \
     -p 5432:5432 \
     -d postgres
   ```

   or b) Prepare a SQLite DB file:
   
   ```shell
   touch config/db.sqlite
   ```

4. Create a WireGuard private key, headscale configuration, and a DERP map file. Refer to [tailscale sample](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tailscale/tailscale/main/net/dnsfallback/dns-fallback-servers.json) for more guidance.

   ```shell
   wg genkey > config/private.key

   cp config.yaml.[sqlite|postgres].example config/config.yaml

   cp derp-example.yaml config/derp.yaml
   ```

5. Create a namespace

   ```shell
   headscale namespaces create myfirstnamespace
   ```

   or Docker:

   ```shell
   docker run \
     -v $(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale/ \
     -p 127.0.0.1:8080:8080 \
     headscale/headscale:x.x.x \
       headscale namespaces create myfirstnamespace
   ```

   or if your server is already running in Docker:

   ```shell
   docker exec <container_name> \
     headscale namespaces create myfirstnamespace
   ```

6. Run the server

   ```shell
   headscale serve
   ```

   or Docker:

   ```shell
   docker run \
     -v $(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale/ \
     -p 127.0.0.1:8080:8080 \
     headscale/headscale:x.x.x \
       headscale serve
   ```

## Nodes configuration

If you used tailscale.com before in your nodes, make sure you clear the tailscaled data folder

```shell
systemctl stop tailscaled
rm -fr /var/lib/tailscale
systemctl start tailscaled
```

### Adding node based on MACHINEKEY

1. Add your first machine

   ```shell
   tailscale up --login-server YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL
   ```

2. Navigate to the URL returned by `tailscale up`, where you'll find your machine key.

3. In the server, register your machine to a namespace with the CLI

   ```shell
   headscale -n myfirstnamespace nodes register -k YOURMACHINEKEY
   ```

   or Docker:
  
   ```shell
   docker run \
     -v $(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale/ \
     headscale/headscale:x.x.x \
     headscale -n myfirstnamespace nodes register -k YOURMACHINEKEY
   ```

   or if your server is already running in Docker:

   ```shell
   docker exec <container_name> \
      headscale -n myfirstnamespace nodes register -k YOURMACHINEKEY
   ```

### Alternative: adding node with AUTHKEY

1. Create an authkey

   ```shell
   headscale -n myfirstnamespace preauthkeys create --reusable --expiration 24h
   ```

   or Docker:

   ```shell
   docker run \
     -v $(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale/ \
     headscale/headscale:x.x.x \
     headscale -n myfirstnamespace preauthkeys create --reusable --expiration 24h
   ```

   or if your server is already running in Docker:

   ```shell
   docker exec <container_name> \
      headscale -n myfirstnamespace preauthkeys create --reusable --expiration 24h
   ```

2. Use the authkey on your node to register it:

   ```shell
   tailscale up --login-server YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL --authkey YOURAUTHKEY
   ```

If you create an authkey with the `--ephemeral` flag, that key will create ephemeral nodes. This implies that `--reusable` is true.

Please bear in mind that all headscale commands support adding `-o json` or `-o json-line` to get nicely JSON-formatted output.

## Debugging headscale running in Docker

The `headscale/headscale` Docker container is based on a "distroless" image that does not contain a shell or any other debug tools. If you need to debug your application running in the Docker container, you can use the `-debug` variant, for example `headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug`.

### Running the debug Docker container

To run the debug Docker container, use the exact same commands as above, but replace `headscale/headscale:x.x.x` with `headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug` (`x.x.x` is the version of headscale). The two containers are compatible with each other, so you can alternate between them.

### Executing commands in the debug container

The default command in the debug container is to run `headscale`, which is located at `/bin/headscale` inside the container.

Additionally, the debug container includes a minimalist Busybox shell.

To launch a shell in the container, use:

```
docker run -it headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug sh
```

You can also execute commands directly, such as `ls /bin` in this example:

```
docker run headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug ls /bin
```

Using `docker exec` allows you to run commands in an existing container.