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session-android/libaxolotl/jni/curve25519-donna.c
Moxie Marlinspike e7b6a852c5 Fix bug caused by 1mod8 compatibility issue. 
In the switch from v3, we bind identities in the message MAC
instead of doing the 1mod8 trick.  Since identity keys were
never set as 1mod8, it seemed like we could just remove it.

However, PreKeys are durable.  If an old client upgrades to v3,
it has a bunch of keys that *were* set to 1mod8 floating around.
The Curve25519 donna code re-sets the private key bits on every
operation, which results in a different key, and breaks the output
of an agreement.

So now we don't intentionally generate keys with 1mod8, but we
have to remove the donna code to honor existing 1mod8 keys for
the rest of time.  Trevor is squarely to blame.

// FREEBIE
2014-10-23 17:11:46 -07:00

871 lines
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/* Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
* in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
* * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* curve25519-donna: Curve25519 elliptic curve, public key function
*
* http://code.google.com/p/curve25519-donna/
*
* Adam Langley <agl@imperialviolet.org>
*
* Derived from public domain C code by Daniel J. Bernstein <djb@cr.yp.to>
*
* More information about curve25519 can be found here
* http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html
*
* djb's sample implementation of curve25519 is written in a special assembly
* language called qhasm and uses the floating point registers.
*
* This is, almost, a clean room reimplementation from the curve25519 paper. It
* uses many of the tricks described therein. Only the crecip function is taken
* from the sample implementation. */
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define inline __inline
#endif
typedef uint8_t u8;
typedef int32_t s32;
typedef int64_t limb;
/* Field element representation:
*
* Field elements are written as an array of signed, 64-bit limbs, least
* significant first. The value of the field element is:
* x[0] + 2^26·x[1] + x^51·x[2] + 2^102·x[3] + ...
*
* i.e. the limbs are 26, 25, 26, 25, ... bits wide. */
/* Sum two numbers: output += in */
static void fsum(limb *output, const limb *in) {
unsigned i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
output[0+i] = output[0+i] + in[0+i];
output[1+i] = output[1+i] + in[1+i];
}
}
/* Find the difference of two numbers: output = in - output
* (note the order of the arguments!). */
static void fdifference(limb *output, const limb *in) {
unsigned i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
output[i] = in[i] - output[i];
}
}
/* Multiply a number by a scalar: output = in * scalar */
static void fscalar_product(limb *output, const limb *in, const limb scalar) {
unsigned i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
output[i] = in[i] * scalar;
}
}
/* Multiply two numbers: output = in2 * in
*
* output must be distinct to both inputs. The inputs are reduced coefficient
* form, the output is not.
*
* output[x] <= 14 * the largest product of the input limbs. */
static void fproduct(limb *output, const limb *in2, const limb *in) {
output[0] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[1] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[2] = 2 * ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[3] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[4] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[5] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[6] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[7] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[8] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[9] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[10] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[2]);
output[11] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[2]);
output[12] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[3])) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[4]);
output[13] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[4]);
output[14] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[5])) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[6]);
output[15] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[6]);
output[16] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[7]));
output[17] = ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[8]);
output[18] = 2 * ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[9]);
}
/* Reduce a long form to a short form by taking the input mod 2^255 - 19.
*
* On entry: |output[i]| < 14*2^54
* On exit: |output[0..8]| < 280*2^54 */
static void freduce_degree(limb *output) {
/* Each of these shifts and adds ends up multiplying the value by 19.
*
* For output[0..8], the absolute entry value is < 14*2^54 and we add, at
* most, 19*14*2^54 thus, on exit, |output[0..8]| < 280*2^54. */
output[8] += output[18] << 4;
output[8] += output[18] << 1;
output[8] += output[18];
output[7] += output[17] << 4;
output[7] += output[17] << 1;
output[7] += output[17];
output[6] += output[16] << 4;
output[6] += output[16] << 1;
output[6] += output[16];
output[5] += output[15] << 4;
output[5] += output[15] << 1;
output[5] += output[15];
output[4] += output[14] << 4;
output[4] += output[14] << 1;
output[4] += output[14];
output[3] += output[13] << 4;
output[3] += output[13] << 1;
output[3] += output[13];
output[2] += output[12] << 4;
output[2] += output[12] << 1;
output[2] += output[12];
output[1] += output[11] << 4;
output[1] += output[11] << 1;
output[1] += output[11];
output[0] += output[10] << 4;
output[0] += output[10] << 1;
output[0] += output[10];
}
#if (-1 & 3) != 3
#error "This code only works on a two's complement system"
#endif
/* return v / 2^26, using only shifts and adds.
*
* On entry: v can take any value. */
static inline limb
div_by_2_26(const limb v)
{
/* High word of v; no shift needed. */
const uint32_t highword = (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) v) >> 32);
/* Set to all 1s if v was negative; else set to 0s. */
const int32_t sign = ((int32_t) highword) >> 31;
/* Set to 0x3ffffff if v was negative; else set to 0. */
const int32_t roundoff = ((uint32_t) sign) >> 6;
/* Should return v / (1<<26) */
return (v + roundoff) >> 26;
}
/* return v / (2^25), using only shifts and adds.
*
* On entry: v can take any value. */
static inline limb
div_by_2_25(const limb v)
{
/* High word of v; no shift needed*/
const uint32_t highword = (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) v) >> 32);
/* Set to all 1s if v was negative; else set to 0s. */
const int32_t sign = ((int32_t) highword) >> 31;
/* Set to 0x1ffffff if v was negative; else set to 0. */
const int32_t roundoff = ((uint32_t) sign) >> 7;
/* Should return v / (1<<25) */
return (v + roundoff) >> 25;
}
/* return v / (2^25), using only shifts and adds.
*
* On entry: v can take any value. */
static inline s32
div_s32_by_2_25(const s32 v)
{
const s32 roundoff = ((uint32_t)(v >> 31)) >> 7;
return (v + roundoff) >> 25;
}
/* Reduce all coefficients of the short form input so that |x| < 2^26.
*
* On entry: |output[i]| < 280*2^54 */
static void freduce_coefficients(limb *output) {
unsigned i;
output[10] = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
limb over = div_by_2_26(output[i]);
/* The entry condition (that |output[i]| < 280*2^54) means that over is, at
* most, 280*2^28 in the first iteration of this loop. This is added to the
* next limb and we can approximate the resulting bound of that limb by
* 281*2^54. */
output[i] -= over << 26;
output[i+1] += over;
/* For the first iteration, |output[i+1]| < 281*2^54, thus |over| <
* 281*2^29. When this is added to the next limb, the resulting bound can
* be approximated as 281*2^54.
*
* For subsequent iterations of the loop, 281*2^54 remains a conservative
* bound and no overflow occurs. */
over = div_by_2_25(output[i+1]);
output[i+1] -= over << 25;
output[i+2] += over;
}
/* Now |output[10]| < 281*2^29 and all other coefficients are reduced. */
output[0] += output[10] << 4;
output[0] += output[10] << 1;
output[0] += output[10];
output[10] = 0;
/* Now output[1..9] are reduced, and |output[0]| < 2^26 + 19*281*2^29
* So |over| will be no more than 2^16. */
{
limb over = div_by_2_26(output[0]);
output[0] -= over << 26;
output[1] += over;
}
/* Now output[0,2..9] are reduced, and |output[1]| < 2^25 + 2^16 < 2^26. The
* bound on |output[1]| is sufficient to meet our needs. */
}
/* A helpful wrapper around fproduct: output = in * in2.
*
* On entry: |in[i]| < 2^27 and |in2[i]| < 2^27.
*
* output must be distinct to both inputs. The output is reduced degree
* (indeed, one need only provide storage for 10 limbs) and |output[i]| < 2^26. */
static void
fmul(limb *output, const limb *in, const limb *in2) {
limb t[19];
fproduct(t, in, in2);
/* |t[i]| < 14*2^54 */
freduce_degree(t);
freduce_coefficients(t);
/* |t[i]| < 2^26 */
memcpy(output, t, sizeof(limb) * 10);
}
/* Square a number: output = in**2
*
* output must be distinct from the input. The inputs are reduced coefficient
* form, the output is not.
*
* output[x] <= 14 * the largest product of the input limbs. */
static void fsquare_inner(limb *output, const limb *in) {
output[0] = ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[0]);
output[1] = 2 * ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[1]);
output[2] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[2]));
output[3] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[3]));
output[4] = ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
4 * ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
2 * ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[4]);
output[5] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[5]));
output[6] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
2 * ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[5]));
output[7] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[7]));
output[8] = ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[5])));
output[9] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[9]));
output[10] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[9])));
output[11] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[9]));
output[12] = ((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[9])));
output[13] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[9]));
output[14] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
2 * ((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[9]));
output[15] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[9]));
output[16] = ((limb) ((s32) in[8])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
4 * ((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[9]);
output[17] = 2 * ((limb) ((s32) in[8])) * ((s32) in[9]);
output[18] = 2 * ((limb) ((s32) in[9])) * ((s32) in[9]);
}
/* fsquare sets output = in^2.
*
* On entry: The |in| argument is in reduced coefficients form and |in[i]| <
* 2^27.
*
* On exit: The |output| argument is in reduced coefficients form (indeed, one
* need only provide storage for 10 limbs) and |out[i]| < 2^26. */
static void
fsquare(limb *output, const limb *in) {
limb t[19];
fsquare_inner(t, in);
/* |t[i]| < 14*2^54 because the largest product of two limbs will be <
* 2^(27+27) and fsquare_inner adds together, at most, 14 of those
* products. */
freduce_degree(t);
freduce_coefficients(t);
/* |t[i]| < 2^26 */
memcpy(output, t, sizeof(limb) * 10);
}
/* Take a little-endian, 32-byte number and expand it into polynomial form */
static void
fexpand(limb *output, const u8 *input) {
#define F(n,start,shift,mask) \
output[n] = ((((limb) input[start + 0]) | \
((limb) input[start + 1]) << 8 | \
((limb) input[start + 2]) << 16 | \
((limb) input[start + 3]) << 24) >> shift) & mask;
F(0, 0, 0, 0x3ffffff);
F(1, 3, 2, 0x1ffffff);
F(2, 6, 3, 0x3ffffff);
F(3, 9, 5, 0x1ffffff);
F(4, 12, 6, 0x3ffffff);
F(5, 16, 0, 0x1ffffff);
F(6, 19, 1, 0x3ffffff);
F(7, 22, 3, 0x1ffffff);
F(8, 25, 4, 0x3ffffff);
F(9, 28, 6, 0x1ffffff);
#undef F
}
#if (-32 >> 1) != -16
#error "This code only works when >> does sign-extension on negative numbers"
#endif
/* s32_eq returns 0xffffffff iff a == b and zero otherwise. */
static s32 s32_eq(s32 a, s32 b) {
a = ~(a ^ b);
a &= a << 16;
a &= a << 8;
a &= a << 4;
a &= a << 2;
a &= a << 1;
return a >> 31;
}
/* s32_gte returns 0xffffffff if a >= b and zero otherwise, where a and b are
* both non-negative. */
static s32 s32_gte(s32 a, s32 b) {
a -= b;
/* a >= 0 iff a >= b. */
return ~(a >> 31);
}
/* Take a fully reduced polynomial form number and contract it into a
* little-endian, 32-byte array.
*
* On entry: |input_limbs[i]| < 2^26 */
static void
fcontract(u8 *output, limb *input_limbs) {
int i;
int j;
s32 input[10];
s32 mask;
/* |input_limbs[i]| < 2^26, so it's valid to convert to an s32. */
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
input[i] = input_limbs[i];
}
for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
if ((i & 1) == 1) {
/* This calculation is a time-invariant way to make input[i]
* non-negative by borrowing from the next-larger limb. */
const s32 mask = input[i] >> 31;
const s32 carry = -((input[i] & mask) >> 25);
input[i] = input[i] + (carry << 25);
input[i+1] = input[i+1] - carry;
} else {
const s32 mask = input[i] >> 31;
const s32 carry = -((input[i] & mask) >> 26);
input[i] = input[i] + (carry << 26);
input[i+1] = input[i+1] - carry;
}
}
/* There's no greater limb for input[9] to borrow from, but we can multiply
* by 19 and borrow from input[0], which is valid mod 2^255-19. */
{
const s32 mask = input[9] >> 31;
const s32 carry = -((input[9] & mask) >> 25);
input[9] = input[9] + (carry << 25);
input[0] = input[0] - (carry * 19);
}
/* After the first iteration, input[1..9] are non-negative and fit within
* 25 or 26 bits, depending on position. However, input[0] may be
* negative. */
}
/* The first borrow-propagation pass above ended with every limb
except (possibly) input[0] non-negative.
If input[0] was negative after the first pass, then it was because of a
carry from input[9]. On entry, input[9] < 2^26 so the carry was, at most,
one, since (2**26-1) >> 25 = 1. Thus input[0] >= -19.
In the second pass, each limb is decreased by at most one. Thus the second
borrow-propagation pass could only have wrapped around to decrease
input[0] again if the first pass left input[0] negative *and* input[1]
through input[9] were all zero. In that case, input[1] is now 2^25 - 1,
and this last borrow-propagation step will leave input[1] non-negative. */
{
const s32 mask = input[0] >> 31;
const s32 carry = -((input[0] & mask) >> 26);
input[0] = input[0] + (carry << 26);
input[1] = input[1] - carry;
}
/* All input[i] are now non-negative. However, there might be values between
* 2^25 and 2^26 in a limb which is, nominally, 25 bits wide. */
for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
if ((i & 1) == 1) {
const s32 carry = input[i] >> 25;
input[i] &= 0x1ffffff;
input[i+1] += carry;
} else {
const s32 carry = input[i] >> 26;
input[i] &= 0x3ffffff;
input[i+1] += carry;
}
}
{
const s32 carry = input[9] >> 25;
input[9] &= 0x1ffffff;
input[0] += 19*carry;
}
}
/* If the first carry-chain pass, just above, ended up with a carry from
* input[9], and that caused input[0] to be out-of-bounds, then input[0] was
* < 2^26 + 2*19, because the carry was, at most, two.
*
* If the second pass carried from input[9] again then input[0] is < 2*19 and
* the input[9] -> input[0] carry didn't push input[0] out of bounds. */
/* It still remains the case that input might be between 2^255-19 and 2^255.
* In this case, input[1..9] must take their maximum value and input[0] must
* be >= (2^255-19) & 0x3ffffff, which is 0x3ffffed. */
mask = s32_gte(input[0], 0x3ffffed);
for (i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
if ((i & 1) == 1) {
mask &= s32_eq(input[i], 0x1ffffff);
} else {
mask &= s32_eq(input[i], 0x3ffffff);
}
}
/* mask is either 0xffffffff (if input >= 2^255-19) and zero otherwise. Thus
* this conditionally subtracts 2^255-19. */
input[0] -= mask & 0x3ffffed;
for (i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
if ((i & 1) == 1) {
input[i] -= mask & 0x1ffffff;
} else {
input[i] -= mask & 0x3ffffff;
}
}
input[1] <<= 2;
input[2] <<= 3;
input[3] <<= 5;
input[4] <<= 6;
input[6] <<= 1;
input[7] <<= 3;
input[8] <<= 4;
input[9] <<= 6;
#define F(i, s) \
output[s+0] |= input[i] & 0xff; \
output[s+1] = (input[i] >> 8) & 0xff; \
output[s+2] = (input[i] >> 16) & 0xff; \
output[s+3] = (input[i] >> 24) & 0xff;
output[0] = 0;
output[16] = 0;
F(0,0);
F(1,3);
F(2,6);
F(3,9);
F(4,12);
F(5,16);
F(6,19);
F(7,22);
F(8,25);
F(9,28);
#undef F
}
/* Input: Q, Q', Q-Q'
* Output: 2Q, Q+Q'
*
* x2 z3: long form
* x3 z3: long form
* x z: short form, destroyed
* xprime zprime: short form, destroyed
* qmqp: short form, preserved
*
* On entry and exit, the absolute value of the limbs of all inputs and outputs
* are < 2^26. */
static void fmonty(limb *x2, limb *z2, /* output 2Q */
limb *x3, limb *z3, /* output Q + Q' */
limb *x, limb *z, /* input Q */
limb *xprime, limb *zprime, /* input Q' */
const limb *qmqp /* input Q - Q' */) {
limb origx[10], origxprime[10], zzz[19], xx[19], zz[19], xxprime[19],
zzprime[19], zzzprime[19], xxxprime[19];
memcpy(origx, x, 10 * sizeof(limb));
fsum(x, z);
/* |x[i]| < 2^27 */
fdifference(z, origx); /* does x - z */
/* |z[i]| < 2^27 */
memcpy(origxprime, xprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
fsum(xprime, zprime);
/* |xprime[i]| < 2^27 */
fdifference(zprime, origxprime);
/* |zprime[i]| < 2^27 */
fproduct(xxprime, xprime, z);
/* |xxprime[i]| < 14*2^54: the largest product of two limbs will be <
* 2^(27+27) and fproduct adds together, at most, 14 of those products.
* (Approximating that to 2^58 doesn't work out.) */
fproduct(zzprime, x, zprime);
/* |zzprime[i]| < 14*2^54 */
freduce_degree(xxprime);
freduce_coefficients(xxprime);
/* |xxprime[i]| < 2^26 */
freduce_degree(zzprime);
freduce_coefficients(zzprime);
/* |zzprime[i]| < 2^26 */
memcpy(origxprime, xxprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
fsum(xxprime, zzprime);
/* |xxprime[i]| < 2^27 */
fdifference(zzprime, origxprime);
/* |zzprime[i]| < 2^27 */
fsquare(xxxprime, xxprime);
/* |xxxprime[i]| < 2^26 */
fsquare(zzzprime, zzprime);
/* |zzzprime[i]| < 2^26 */
fproduct(zzprime, zzzprime, qmqp);
/* |zzprime[i]| < 14*2^52 */
freduce_degree(zzprime);
freduce_coefficients(zzprime);
/* |zzprime[i]| < 2^26 */
memcpy(x3, xxxprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
memcpy(z3, zzprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
fsquare(xx, x);
/* |xx[i]| < 2^26 */
fsquare(zz, z);
/* |zz[i]| < 2^26 */
fproduct(x2, xx, zz);
/* |x2[i]| < 14*2^52 */
freduce_degree(x2);
freduce_coefficients(x2);
/* |x2[i]| < 2^26 */
fdifference(zz, xx); // does zz = xx - zz
/* |zz[i]| < 2^27 */
memset(zzz + 10, 0, sizeof(limb) * 9);
fscalar_product(zzz, zz, 121665);
/* |zzz[i]| < 2^(27+17) */
/* No need to call freduce_degree here:
fscalar_product doesn't increase the degree of its input. */
freduce_coefficients(zzz);
/* |zzz[i]| < 2^26 */
fsum(zzz, xx);
/* |zzz[i]| < 2^27 */
fproduct(z2, zz, zzz);
/* |z2[i]| < 14*2^(26+27) */
freduce_degree(z2);
freduce_coefficients(z2);
/* |z2|i| < 2^26 */
}
/* Conditionally swap two reduced-form limb arrays if 'iswap' is 1, but leave
* them unchanged if 'iswap' is 0. Runs in data-invariant time to avoid
* side-channel attacks.
*
* NOTE that this function requires that 'iswap' be 1 or 0; other values give
* wrong results. Also, the two limb arrays must be in reduced-coefficient,
* reduced-degree form: the values in a[10..19] or b[10..19] aren't swapped,
* and all all values in a[0..9],b[0..9] must have magnitude less than
* INT32_MAX. */
static void
swap_conditional(limb a[19], limb b[19], limb iswap) {
unsigned i;
const s32 swap = (s32) -iswap;
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
const s32 x = swap & ( ((s32)a[i]) ^ ((s32)b[i]) );
a[i] = ((s32)a[i]) ^ x;
b[i] = ((s32)b[i]) ^ x;
}
}
/* Calculates nQ where Q is the x-coordinate of a point on the curve
*
* resultx/resultz: the x coordinate of the resulting curve point (short form)
* n: a little endian, 32-byte number
* q: a point of the curve (short form) */
static void
cmult(limb *resultx, limb *resultz, const u8 *n, const limb *q) {
limb a[19] = {0}, b[19] = {1}, c[19] = {1}, d[19] = {0};
limb *nqpqx = a, *nqpqz = b, *nqx = c, *nqz = d, *t;
limb e[19] = {0}, f[19] = {1}, g[19] = {0}, h[19] = {1};
limb *nqpqx2 = e, *nqpqz2 = f, *nqx2 = g, *nqz2 = h;
unsigned i, j;
memcpy(nqpqx, q, sizeof(limb) * 10);
for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
u8 byte = n[31 - i];
for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
const limb bit = byte >> 7;
swap_conditional(nqx, nqpqx, bit);
swap_conditional(nqz, nqpqz, bit);
fmonty(nqx2, nqz2,
nqpqx2, nqpqz2,
nqx, nqz,
nqpqx, nqpqz,
q);
swap_conditional(nqx2, nqpqx2, bit);
swap_conditional(nqz2, nqpqz2, bit);
t = nqx;
nqx = nqx2;
nqx2 = t;
t = nqz;
nqz = nqz2;
nqz2 = t;
t = nqpqx;
nqpqx = nqpqx2;
nqpqx2 = t;
t = nqpqz;
nqpqz = nqpqz2;
nqpqz2 = t;
byte <<= 1;
}
}
memcpy(resultx, nqx, sizeof(limb) * 10);
memcpy(resultz, nqz, sizeof(limb) * 10);
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Shamelessly copied from djb's code
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void
crecip(limb *out, const limb *z) {
limb z2[10];
limb z9[10];
limb z11[10];
limb z2_5_0[10];
limb z2_10_0[10];
limb z2_20_0[10];
limb z2_50_0[10];
limb z2_100_0[10];
limb t0[10];
limb t1[10];
int i;
/* 2 */ fsquare(z2,z);
/* 4 */ fsquare(t1,z2);
/* 8 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
/* 9 */ fmul(z9,t0,z);
/* 11 */ fmul(z11,z9,z2);
/* 22 */ fsquare(t0,z11);
/* 2^5 - 2^0 = 31 */ fmul(z2_5_0,t0,z9);
/* 2^6 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_5_0);
/* 2^7 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^8 - 2^3 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
/* 2^9 - 2^4 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^10 - 2^5 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
/* 2^10 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_10_0,t0,z2_5_0);
/* 2^11 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_10_0);
/* 2^12 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^20 - 2^10 */ for (i = 2;i < 10;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
/* 2^20 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_20_0,t1,z2_10_0);
/* 2^21 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_20_0);
/* 2^22 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^40 - 2^20 */ for (i = 2;i < 20;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
/* 2^40 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0,t1,z2_20_0);
/* 2^41 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^42 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
/* 2^50 - 2^10 */ for (i = 2;i < 10;i += 2) { fsquare(t1,t0); fsquare(t0,t1); }
/* 2^50 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_50_0,t0,z2_10_0);
/* 2^51 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_50_0);
/* 2^52 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^100 - 2^50 */ for (i = 2;i < 50;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
/* 2^100 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_100_0,t1,z2_50_0);
/* 2^101 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,z2_100_0);
/* 2^102 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
/* 2^200 - 2^100 */ for (i = 2;i < 100;i += 2) { fsquare(t1,t0); fsquare(t0,t1); }
/* 2^200 - 2^0 */ fmul(t1,t0,z2_100_0);
/* 2^201 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
/* 2^202 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^250 - 2^50 */ for (i = 2;i < 50;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
/* 2^250 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0,t1,z2_50_0);
/* 2^251 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^252 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
/* 2^253 - 2^3 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^254 - 2^4 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
/* 2^255 - 2^5 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
/* 2^255 - 21 */ fmul(out,t1,z11);
}
int
curve25519_donna(u8 *mypublic, const u8 *secret, const u8 *basepoint) {
limb bp[10], x[10], z[11], zmone[10];
uint8_t e[32];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) e[i] = secret[i];
// e[0] &= 248;
// e[31] &= 127;
// e[31] |= 64;
fexpand(bp, basepoint);
cmult(x, z, e, bp);
crecip(zmone, z);
fmul(z, x, zmone);
fcontract(mypublic, z);
return 0;
}
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