diff --git a/net/dns/resolver/forwarder.go b/net/dns/resolver/forwarder.go
index 846ca3d5e..c00dea1ae 100644
--- a/net/dns/resolver/forwarder.go
+++ b/net/dns/resolver/forwarder.go
@@ -487,6 +487,10 @@ func (f *forwarder) sendDoH(ctx context.Context, urlBase string, c *http.Client,
 	defer hres.Body.Close()
 	if hres.StatusCode != 200 {
 		metricDNSFwdDoHErrorStatus.Add(1)
+		if hres.StatusCode/100 == 5 {
+			// Translate 5xx HTTP server errors into SERVFAIL DNS responses.
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errServerFailure, hres.Status)
+		}
 		return nil, errors.New(hres.Status)
 	}
 	if ct := hres.Header.Get("Content-Type"); ct != dohType {
@@ -916,10 +920,7 @@ func (f *forwarder) forwardWithDestChan(ctx context.Context, query packet, respo
 		metricDNSFwdDropBonjour.Add(1)
 		res, err := nxDomainResponse(query)
 		if err != nil {
-			f.logf("error parsing bonjour query: %v", err)
-			// Returning an error will cause an internal retry, there is
-			// nothing we can do if parsing failed. Just drop the packet.
-			return nil
+			return err
 		}
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
@@ -951,10 +952,7 @@ func (f *forwarder) forwardWithDestChan(ctx context.Context, query packet, respo
 
 			res, err := servfailResponse(query)
 			if err != nil {
-				f.logf("building servfail response: %v", err)
-				// Returning an error will cause an internal retry, there is
-				// nothing we can do if parsing failed. Just drop the packet.
-				return nil
+				return err
 			}
 			select {
 			case <-ctx.Done():
@@ -1053,6 +1051,7 @@ func (f *forwarder) forwardWithDestChan(ctx context.Context, query packet, respo
 						if verboseDNSForward() {
 							f.logf("forwarder response(%d, %v, %d) = %d, %v", fq.txid, typ, len(domain), len(res.bs), firstErr)
 						}
+						return nil
 					}
 				}
 				return firstErr
diff --git a/net/dns/resolver/forwarder_test.go b/net/dns/resolver/forwarder_test.go
index 09d810901..e341186ec 100644
--- a/net/dns/resolver/forwarder_test.go
+++ b/net/dns/resolver/forwarder_test.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -450,7 +449,7 @@ func makeLargeResponse(tb testing.TB, domain string) (request, response []byte)
 	return
 }
 
-func runTestQuery(tb testing.TB, port uint16, request []byte, modify func(*forwarder)) ([]byte, error) {
+func runTestQuery(tb testing.TB, request []byte, modify func(*forwarder), ports ...uint16) ([]byte, error) {
 	netMon, err := netmon.New(tb.Logf)
 	if err != nil {
 		tb.Fatal(err)
@@ -464,8 +463,9 @@ func runTestQuery(tb testing.TB, port uint16, request []byte, modify func(*forwa
 		modify(fwd)
 	}
 
-	rr := resolverAndDelay{
-		name: &dnstype.Resolver{Addr: fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", port)},
+	resolvers := make([]resolverAndDelay, len(ports))
+	for i, port := range ports {
+		resolvers[i].name = &dnstype.Resolver{Addr: fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", port)}
 	}
 
 	rpkt := packet{
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ func runTestQuery(tb testing.TB, port uint16, request []byte, modify func(*forwa
 	rchan := make(chan packet, 1)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	tb.Cleanup(cancel)
-	err = fwd.forwardWithDestChan(ctx, rpkt, rchan, rr)
+	err = fwd.forwardWithDestChan(ctx, rpkt, rchan, resolvers...)
 	select {
 	case res := <-rchan:
 		return res.bs, err
@@ -486,8 +486,62 @@ func runTestQuery(tb testing.TB, port uint16, request []byte, modify func(*forwa
 	}
 }
 
-func mustRunTestQuery(tb testing.TB, port uint16, request []byte, modify func(*forwarder)) []byte {
-	resp, err := runTestQuery(tb, port, request, modify)
+// makeTestRequest returns a new TypeA request for the given domain.
+func makeTestRequest(tb testing.TB, domain string) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+	name := dns.MustNewName(domain)
+	builder := dns.NewBuilder(nil, dns.Header{})
+	builder.StartQuestions()
+	builder.Question(dns.Question{
+		Name:  name,
+		Type:  dns.TypeA,
+		Class: dns.ClassINET,
+	})
+	request, err := builder.Finish()
+	if err != nil {
+		tb.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return request
+}
+
+// makeTestResponse returns a new Type A response for the given domain,
+// with the specified status code and zero or more addresses.
+func makeTestResponse(tb testing.TB, domain string, code dns.RCode, addrs ...netip.Addr) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+	name := dns.MustNewName(domain)
+	builder := dns.NewBuilder(nil, dns.Header{
+		Response:      true,
+		Authoritative: true,
+		RCode:         code,
+	})
+	builder.StartQuestions()
+	q := dns.Question{
+		Name:  name,
+		Type:  dns.TypeA,
+		Class: dns.ClassINET,
+	}
+	builder.Question(q)
+	if len(addrs) > 0 {
+		builder.StartAnswers()
+		for _, addr := range addrs {
+			builder.AResource(dns.ResourceHeader{
+				Name:  q.Name,
+				Class: q.Class,
+				TTL:   120,
+			}, dns.AResource{
+				A: addr.As4(),
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	response, err := builder.Finish()
+	if err != nil {
+		tb.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return response
+}
+
+func mustRunTestQuery(tb testing.TB, request []byte, modify func(*forwarder), ports ...uint16) []byte {
+	resp, err := runTestQuery(tb, request, modify, ports...)
 	if err != nil {
 		tb.Fatalf("error making request: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -516,7 +570,7 @@ func TestForwarderTCPFallback(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	resp := mustRunTestQuery(t, port, request, nil)
+	resp := mustRunTestQuery(t, request, nil, port)
 	if !bytes.Equal(resp, largeResponse) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid response\ngot: %+v\nwant: %+v", resp, largeResponse)
 	}
@@ -554,7 +608,7 @@ func TestForwarderTCPFallbackTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	resp := mustRunTestQuery(t, port, request, nil)
+	resp := mustRunTestQuery(t, request, nil, port)
 	if !bytes.Equal(resp, largeResponse) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid response\ngot: %+v\nwant: %+v", resp, largeResponse)
 	}
@@ -585,11 +639,11 @@ func TestForwarderTCPFallbackDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	resp := mustRunTestQuery(t, port, request, func(fwd *forwarder) {
+	resp := mustRunTestQuery(t, request, func(fwd *forwarder) {
 		// Disable retries for this test.
 		fwd.controlKnobs = &controlknobs.Knobs{}
 		fwd.controlKnobs.DisableDNSForwarderTCPRetries.Store(true)
-	})
+	}, port)
 
 	wantResp := append([]byte(nil), largeResponse[:maxResponseBytes]...)
 
@@ -613,41 +667,10 @@ func TestForwarderTCPFallbackError(t *testing.T) {
 	const domain = "error-response.tailscale.com."
 
 	// Our response is a SERVFAIL
-	response := func() []byte {
-		name := dns.MustNewName(domain)
-
-		builder := dns.NewBuilder(nil, dns.Header{
-			Response: true,
-			RCode:    dns.RCodeServerFailure,
-		})
-		builder.StartQuestions()
-		builder.Question(dns.Question{
-			Name:  name,
-			Type:  dns.TypeA,
-			Class: dns.ClassINET,
-		})
-		response, err := builder.Finish()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		return response
-	}()
+	response := makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure)
 
 	// Our request is a single A query for the domain in the answer, above.
-	request := func() []byte {
-		builder := dns.NewBuilder(nil, dns.Header{})
-		builder.StartQuestions()
-		builder.Question(dns.Question{
-			Name:  dns.MustNewName(domain),
-			Type:  dns.TypeA,
-			Class: dns.ClassINET,
-		})
-		request, err := builder.Finish()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		return request
-	}()
+	request := makeTestRequest(t, domain)
 
 	var sawRequest atomic.Bool
 	port := runDNSServer(t, nil, response, func(isTCP bool, gotRequest []byte) {
@@ -657,14 +680,141 @@ func TestForwarderTCPFallbackError(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	_, err := runTestQuery(t, port, request, nil)
+	resp, err := runTestQuery(t, request, nil, port)
 	if !sawRequest.Load() {
 		t.Error("did not see DNS request")
 	}
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("wanted error, got nil")
-	} else if !errors.Is(err, errServerFailure) {
-		t.Errorf("wanted errServerFailure, got: %v", err)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wanted nil, got %v", err)
+	}
+	var parser dns.Parser
+	respHeader, err := parser.Start(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parser.Start() failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got, want := respHeader.RCode, dns.RCodeServerFailure; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("wanted %v, got %v", want, got)
+	}
+}
+
+// Test to ensure that if we have more than one resolver, and at least one of them
+// returns a successful response, we propagate it.
+func TestForwarderWithManyResolvers(t *testing.T) {
+	enableDebug(t)
+
+	const domain = "example.com."
+	request := makeTestRequest(t, domain)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		responses     [][]byte // upstream responses
+		wantResponses [][]byte // we should receive one of these from the forwarder
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Success",
+			responses: [][]byte{ // All upstream servers returned successful, but different, response.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.2")),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.3")),
+			},
+			wantResponses: [][]byte{ // We may forward whichever response is received first.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.2")),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.3")),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ServFail",
+			responses: [][]byte{ // All upstream servers returned a SERVFAIL.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure),
+			},
+			wantResponses: [][]byte{
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ServFail+Success",
+			responses: [][]byte{ // All upstream servers fail except for one.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure),
+			},
+			wantResponses: [][]byte{ // We should forward the successful response.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NXDomain",
+			responses: [][]byte{ // All upstream servers returned NXDOMAIN.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+			},
+			wantResponses: [][]byte{
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NXDomain+Success",
+			responses: [][]byte{ // All upstream servers returned NXDOMAIN except for one.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")),
+			},
+			wantResponses: [][]byte{ // However, only SERVFAIL are considered to be errors. Therefore, we may forward any response.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Refused",
+			responses: [][]byte{ // All upstream servers return different failures.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeRefused),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeRefused),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeRefused),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeRefused),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeRefused),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")),
+			},
+			wantResponses: [][]byte{ // Refused is not considered to be an error and can be forwarded.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeRefused),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeSuccess, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "MixFail",
+			responses: [][]byte{ // All upstream servers return different failures.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeServerFailure),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeRefused),
+			},
+			wantResponses: [][]byte{ // Both NXDomain and Refused can be forwarded.
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeNameError),
+				makeTestResponse(t, domain, dns.RCodeRefused),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ports := make([]uint16, len(tt.responses))
+			for i := range tt.responses {
+				ports[i] = runDNSServer(t, nil, tt.responses[i], func(isTCP bool, gotRequest []byte) {})
+			}
+			gotResponse, err := runTestQuery(t, request, nil, ports...)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("wanted nil, got %v", err)
+			}
+			responseOk := slices.ContainsFunc(tt.wantResponses, func(wantResponse []byte) bool {
+				return slices.Equal(gotResponse, wantResponse)
+			})
+			if !responseOk {
+				t.Errorf("invalid response\ngot: %+v\nwant: %+v", gotResponse, tt.wantResponses[0])
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -713,7 +863,7 @@ func TestNXDOMAINIncludesQuestion(t *testing.T) {
 	port := runDNSServer(t, nil, response, func(isTCP bool, gotRequest []byte) {
 	})
 
-	res, err := runTestQuery(t, port, request, nil)
+	res, err := runTestQuery(t, request, nil, port)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
diff --git a/net/dns/resolver/tsdns.go b/net/dns/resolver/tsdns.go
index d196ad4d6..43ba0acf1 100644
--- a/net/dns/resolver/tsdns.go
+++ b/net/dns/resolver/tsdns.go
@@ -321,15 +321,7 @@ func (r *Resolver) Query(ctx context.Context, bs []byte, family string, from net
 		defer cancel()
 		err = r.forwarder.forwardWithDestChan(ctx, packet{bs, family, from}, responses)
 		if err != nil {
-			select {
-			// Best effort: use any error response sent by forwardWithDestChan.
-			// This is present in some errors paths, such as when all upstream
-			// DNS servers replied with an error.
-			case resp := <-responses:
-				return resp.bs, err
-			default:
-				return nil, err
-			}
+			return nil, err
 		}
 		return (<-responses).bs, nil
 	}
diff --git a/net/dns/resolver/tsdns_test.go b/net/dns/resolver/tsdns_test.go
index e2c4750b5..d7b9fb360 100644
--- a/net/dns/resolver/tsdns_test.go
+++ b/net/dns/resolver/tsdns_test.go
@@ -1503,8 +1503,8 @@ func TestServfail(t *testing.T) {
 	r.SetConfig(cfg)
 
 	pkt, err := syncRespond(r, dnspacket("test.site.", dns.TypeA, noEdns))
-	if !errors.Is(err, errServerFailure) {
-		t.Errorf("err = %v, want %v", err, errServerFailure)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want nil", err)
 	}
 
 	wantPkt := []byte{