internal/deephash: hash maps without sorting in the acyclic common case

Hash and xor each entry instead, then write final xor'ed result.

name    old time/op    new time/op    delta
Hash-4    33.6µs ± 4%    34.6µs ± 3%  +3.03%  (p=0.013 n=10+9)

name    old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
Hash-4    1.86kB ± 0%    1.77kB ± 0%  -5.10%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)

name    old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
Hash-4      51.0 ± 0%      49.0 ± 0%  -3.92%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>

internal/deephash/deephash.go

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 	"bufio"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"fmt"
+	"hash"
 	"reflect"
+	"sync"
 
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
@@ -48,9 +50,11 @@ func Print(w *bufio.Writer, v ...interface{}) {
 	tailcfgDiscoKeyType = reflect.TypeOf(tailcfg.DiscoKey{})
 )
 
-func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) {
+// print hashes v into w.
+// It reports whether it was able to do so without hitting a cycle.
+func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) (acyclic bool) {
 	if !v.IsValid() {
-		return
+		return true
 	}
 
 	// Special case some common types.
@@ -68,7 +72,7 @@ func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) {
 			}
 			if err == nil {
 				w.Write(b)
-				return
+				return true
 			}
 		case netaddrIPPrefix:
 			var b []byte
@@ -82,7 +86,7 @@ func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) {
 			}
 			if err == nil {
 				w.Write(b)
-				return
+				return true
 			}
 		case wgkeyKeyType:
 			if v.CanAddr() {
@@ -92,7 +96,7 @@ func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) {
 				x := v.Interface().(wgkey.Key)
 				w.Write(x[:])
 			}
-			return
+			return true
 		case wgkeyPrivateType:
 			if v.CanAddr() {
 				x := v.Addr().Interface().(*wgkey.Private)
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) {
 				x := v.Interface().(wgkey.Private)
 				w.Write(x[:])
 			}
-			return
+			return true
 		case tailcfgDiscoKeyType:
 			if v.CanAddr() {
 				x := v.Addr().Interface().(*tailcfg.DiscoKey)
@@ -121,43 +125,45 @@ func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) {
 	case reflect.Ptr:
 		ptr := v.Pointer()
 		if visited[ptr] {
-			return
+			return false
 		}
 		visited[ptr] = true
-		print(w, v.Elem(), visited)
+		return print(w, v.Elem(), visited)
-		return
 	case reflect.Struct:
+		acyclic = true
 		w.WriteString("struct{\n")
 		for i, n := 0, v.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
 			fmt.Fprintf(w, " [%d]: ", i)
-			print(w, v.Field(i), visited)
+			if !print(w, v.Field(i), visited) {
+				acyclic = false
+			}
 			w.WriteString("\n")
 		}
 		w.WriteString("}\n")
+		return acyclic
 	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
 		if v.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 && v.CanInterface() {
 			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%q", v.Interface())
-			return
+			return true
 		}
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "[%d]{\n", v.Len())
+		acyclic = true
 		for i, ln := 0, v.Len(); i < ln; i++ {
 			fmt.Fprintf(w, " [%d]: ", i)
-			print(w, v.Index(i), visited)
+			if !print(w, v.Index(i), visited) {
+				acyclic = false
+			}
 			w.WriteString("\n")
 		}
 		w.WriteString("}\n")
+		return acyclic
 	case reflect.Interface:
-		print(w, v.Elem(), visited)
+		return print(w, v.Elem(), visited)
 	case reflect.Map:
-		sm := newSortedMap(v)
+		if hashMapAcyclic(w, v, visited) {
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "map[%d]{\n", len(sm.Key))
+			return true
-		for i, k := range sm.Key {
-			print(w, k, visited)
-			w.WriteString(": ")
-			print(w, sm.Value[i], visited)
-			w.WriteString("\n")
 		}
-		w.WriteString("}\n")
+		return hashMapFallback(w, v, visited)
 	case reflect.String:
 		w.WriteString(v.String())
 	case reflect.Bool:
@@ -171,4 +177,82 @@ func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) {
 	case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v", v.Complex())
 	}
+	return true
+}
+
+type mapHasher struct {
+	xbuf [sha256.Size]byte // XOR'ed accumulated buffer
+	ebuf [sha256.Size]byte // scratch buffer
+	s256 hash.Hash         // sha256 hash.Hash
+	bw   *bufio.Writer     // to hasher into ebuf
+}
+
+func (mh *mapHasher) Reset() {
+	for i := range mh.xbuf {
+		mh.xbuf[i] = 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (mh *mapHasher) startEntry() {
+	for i := range mh.ebuf {
+		mh.ebuf[i] = 0
+	}
+	mh.bw.Flush()
+	mh.s256.Reset()
+}
+
+func (mh *mapHasher) endEntry() {
+	mh.bw.Flush()
+	for i, b := range mh.s256.Sum(mh.ebuf[:0]) {
+		mh.xbuf[i] ^= b
+	}
+}
+
+var mapHasherPool = &sync.Pool{
+	New: func() interface{} {
+		mh := new(mapHasher)
+		mh.s256 = sha256.New()
+		mh.bw = bufio.NewWriter(mh.s256)
+		return mh
+	},
+}
+
+// hashMapAcyclic is the faster sort-free version of map hashing. If
+// it detects a cycle it returns false and guarantees that nothing was
+// written to w.
+func hashMapAcyclic(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) (acyclic bool) {
+	mh := mapHasherPool.Get().(*mapHasher)
+	defer mapHasherPool.Put(mh)
+	mh.Reset()
+	iter := v.MapRange()
+	for iter.Next() {
+		mh.startEntry()
+		if !print(mh.bw, iter.Key(), visited) {
+			return false
+		}
+		if !print(mh.bw, iter.Value(), visited) {
+			return false
+		}
+		mh.endEntry()
+	}
+	w.Write(mh.xbuf[:])
+	return true
+}
+
+func hashMapFallback(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) (acyclic bool) {
+	acyclic = true
+	sm := newSortedMap(v)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "map[%d]{\n", len(sm.Key))
+	for i, k := range sm.Key {
+		if !print(w, k, visited) {
+			acyclic = false
+		}
+		w.WriteString(": ")
+		if !print(w, sm.Value[i], visited) {
+			acyclic = false
+		}
+		w.WriteString("\n")
+	}
+	w.WriteString("}\n")
+	return acyclic
 }

internal/deephash/deephash_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 package deephash
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
@@ -79,3 +83,52 @@ func BenchmarkHash(b *testing.B) {
 		Hash(v)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestHashMapAcyclic(t *testing.T) {
+	m := map[int]string{}
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		m[i] = fmt.Sprint(i)
+	}
+	got := map[string]bool{}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	bw := bufio.NewWriter(&buf)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		visited := map[uintptr]bool{}
+		v := reflect.ValueOf(m)
+		buf.Reset()
+		bw.Reset(&buf)
+		if !hashMapAcyclic(bw, v, visited) {
+			t.Fatal("returned false")
+		}
+		if got[string(buf.Bytes())] {
+			continue
+		}
+		got[string(buf.Bytes())] = true
+	}
+	if len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("got %d results; want 1", len(got))
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkHashMapAcyclic(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	m := map[int]string{}
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		m[i] = fmt.Sprint(i)
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	bw := bufio.NewWriter(&buf)
+	visited := map[uintptr]bool{}
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(m)
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		buf.Reset()
+		bw.Reset(&buf)
+		if !hashMapAcyclic(bw, v, visited) {
+			b.Fatal("returned false")
+		}
+	}
+}