util/deephash: don't track cycles on non-recursive types

name              old time/op    new time/op    delta
Hash-8              67.3µs ±20%    76.5µs ±16%     ~     (p=0.143 n=10+10)
HashMapAcyclic-8    63.0µs ± 2%    56.3µs ± 1%  -10.65%  (p=0.000 n=10+8)
TailcfgNode-8       9.18µs ± 2%    6.52µs ± 3%  -28.96%  (p=0.000 n=9+10)
HashArray-8          732ns ± 3%     709ns ± 1%   -3.21%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

name              old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
Hash-8               24.0B ± 0%     24.0B ± 0%     ~     (all equal)
HashMapAcyclic-8     0.00B          0.00B          ~     (all equal)
TailcfgNode-8        0.00B          0.00B          ~     (all equal)
HashArray-8          0.00B          0.00B          ~     (all equal)

name              old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
Hash-8                1.00 ± 0%      1.00 ± 0%     ~     (all equal)
HashMapAcyclic-8      0.00           0.00          ~     (all equal)
TailcfgNode-8         0.00           0.00          ~     (all equal)
HashArray-8           0.00           0.00          ~     (all equal)

Change-Id: I28642050d837dff66b2db54b2b0e6d272a930be8
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>

util/deephash/deephash.go

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func Hash(v any) (s Sum) {
 		seed = uint64(time.Now().UnixNano())
 	})
 	h.hashUint64(seed)
-	h.hashValue(reflect.ValueOf(v))
+	h.hashValue(reflect.ValueOf(v), false)
 	return h.sum()
 }
 
@@ -164,26 +164,151 @@ func (h *hasher) hashUint64(i uint64) {
 
 var uint8Type = reflect.TypeOf(byte(0))
 
-func (h *hasher) hashValue(v reflect.Value) {
+// typeInfo describes properties of a type.
+type typeInfo struct {
+	rtype       reflect.Type
+	isRecursive bool
+
+	// elemTypeInfo is the element type's typeInfo.
+	// It's set when rtype is of Kind Ptr, Slice, Array, Map.
+	elemTypeInfo *typeInfo
+
+	// keyTypeInfo is the map key type's typeInfo.
+	// It's set when rtype is of Kind Map.
+	keyTypeInfo *typeInfo
+}
+
+var typeInfoMap sync.Map           // map[reflect.Type]*typeInfo
+var typeInfoMapPopulate sync.Mutex // just for adding to typeInfoMap
+
+func getTypeInfo(t reflect.Type) *typeInfo {
+	if f, ok := typeInfoMap.Load(t); ok {
+		return f.(*typeInfo)
+	}
+	typeInfoMapPopulate.Lock()
+	defer typeInfoMapPopulate.Unlock()
+	newTypes := map[reflect.Type]*typeInfo{}
+	ti := getTypeInfoLocked(t, newTypes)
+	for t, ti := range newTypes {
+		typeInfoMap.Store(t, ti)
+	}
+	return ti
+}
+
+func getTypeInfoLocked(t reflect.Type, incomplete map[reflect.Type]*typeInfo) *typeInfo {
+	if v, ok := typeInfoMap.Load(t); ok {
+		return v.(*typeInfo)
+	}
+	if ti, ok := incomplete[t]; ok {
+		return ti
+	}
+	ti := &typeInfo{
+		rtype:       t,
+		isRecursive: typeIsRecursive(t),
+	}
+	incomplete[t] = ti
+
+	switch t.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Map:
+		ti.keyTypeInfo = getTypeInfoLocked(t.Key(), incomplete)
+		fallthrough
+	case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+		ti.elemTypeInfo = getTypeInfoLocked(t.Elem(), incomplete)
+	}
+
+	return ti
+}
+
+// typeIsRecursive reports whether t has a path back to itself.
+//
+// For interfaces, it currently always reports true.
+func typeIsRecursive(t reflect.Type) bool {
+	inStack := map[reflect.Type]bool{}
+
+	var stack []reflect.Type
+
+	var visitType func(t reflect.Type) (isRecursiveSoFar bool)
+	visitType = func(t reflect.Type) (isRecursiveSoFar bool) {
+		switch t.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Bool,
+			reflect.Int,
+			reflect.Int8,
+			reflect.Int16,
+			reflect.Int32,
+			reflect.Int64,
+			reflect.Uint,
+			reflect.Uint8,
+			reflect.Uint16,
+			reflect.Uint32,
+			reflect.Uint64,
+			reflect.Uintptr,
+			reflect.Float32,
+			reflect.Float64,
+			reflect.Complex64,
+			reflect.Complex128,
+			reflect.String,
+			reflect.UnsafePointer,
+			reflect.Func:
+			return false
+		}
+		if t.Size() == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+		if inStack[t] {
+			return true
+		}
+		stack = append(stack, t)
+		inStack[t] = true
+		defer func() {
+			delete(inStack, t)
+			stack = stack[:len(stack)-1]
+		}()
+
+		switch t.Kind() {
+		default:
+			panic("unhandled kind " + t.Kind().String())
+		case reflect.Interface:
+			// Assume the worst for now. TODO(bradfitz): in some cases
+			// we should be able to prove that it's not recursive. Not worth
+			// it for now.
+			return true
+		case reflect.Array, reflect.Chan, reflect.Pointer, reflect.Slice:
+			return visitType(t.Elem())
+		case reflect.Map:
+			if visitType(t.Key()) {
+				return true
+			}
+			if visitType(t.Elem()) {
+				return true
+			}
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			if t.String() == "intern.Value" {
+				// Otherwise its interface{} makes this return true.
+				return false
+			}
+			for i, numField := 0, t.NumField(); i < numField; i++ {
+				if visitType(t.Field(i).Type) {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+			return false
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return visitType(t)
+}
+
+func (h *hasher) hashValue(v reflect.Value, forceCycleChecking bool) {
 	if !v.IsValid() {
 		return
 	}
+	ti := getTypeInfo(v.Type())
+	h.hashValueWithType(v, ti, forceCycleChecking)
+}
 
+func (h *hasher) hashValueWithType(v reflect.Value, ti *typeInfo, forceCycleChecking bool) {
 	w := h.bw
-
+	doCheckCycles := forceCycleChecking || ti.isRecursive
-	if v.CanInterface() {
-		// Use AppendTo methods, if available and cheap.
-		if v.CanAddr() && v.Type().Implements(appenderToType) {
-			a := v.Addr().Interface().(appenderTo)
-			size := h.scratch[:8]
-			record := a.AppendTo(size)
-			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(record, uint64(len(record)-len(size)))
-			w.Write(record)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	// TODO(dsnet): Avoid cycle detection for types that cannot have cycles.
 
 	// Generic handling.
 	switch v.Kind() {
@@ -195,7 +320,7 @@ func (h *hasher) hashValue(v reflect.Value) {
 			return
 		}
 
-		// Check for cycle.
+		if doCheckCycles {
 			ptr := pointerOf(v)
 			if idx, ok := h.visitStack.seen(ptr); ok {
 				h.hashUint8(2) // indicates cycle
@@ -204,12 +329,13 @@ func (h *hasher) hashValue(v reflect.Value) {
 			}
 			h.visitStack.push(ptr)
 			defer h.visitStack.pop(ptr)
+		}
 
 		h.hashUint8(1) // indicates visiting a pointer
-		h.hashValue(v.Elem())
+		h.hashValueWithType(v.Elem(), ti.elemTypeInfo, doCheckCycles)
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		for i, n := 0, v.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
-			h.hashValue(v.Field(i))
+			h.hashValue(v.Field(i), doCheckCycles)
 		}
 	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
 		vLen := v.Len()
@@ -233,7 +359,7 @@ func (h *hasher) hashValue(v reflect.Value) {
 			// TODO(dsnet): Perform cycle detection for slices,
 			// which is functionally a list of pointers.
 			// See https://github.com/google/go-cmp/blob/402949e8139bb890c71a707b6faf6dd05c92f4e5/cmp/compare.go#L438-L450
-			h.hashValue(v.Index(i))
+			h.hashValueWithType(v.Index(i), ti.elemTypeInfo, doCheckCycles)
 		}
 	case reflect.Interface:
 		if v.IsNil() {
@@ -244,9 +370,10 @@ func (h *hasher) hashValue(v reflect.Value) {
 
 		h.hashUint8(1) // indicates visiting interface value
 		h.hashType(v.Type())
-		h.hashValue(v)
+		h.hashValue(v, doCheckCycles)
 	case reflect.Map:
 		// Check for cycle.
+		if doCheckCycles {
 			ptr := pointerOf(v)
 			if idx, ok := h.visitStack.seen(ptr); ok {
 				h.hashUint8(2) // indicates cycle
@@ -255,9 +382,9 @@ func (h *hasher) hashValue(v reflect.Value) {
 			}
 			h.visitStack.push(ptr)
 			defer h.visitStack.pop(ptr)
-
+		}
 		h.hashUint8(1) // indicates visiting a map
-		h.hashMap(v)
+		h.hashMap(v, ti, doCheckCycles)
 	case reflect.String:
 		s := v.String()
 		h.hashUint64(uint64(len(s)))
@@ -325,7 +452,7 @@ func (c *valueCache) get(t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
 // It relies on a map being a functionally an unordered set of KV entries.
 // So long as we hash each KV entry together, we can XOR all
 // of the individual hashes to produce a unique hash for the entire map.
-func (h *hasher) hashMap(v reflect.Value) {
+func (h *hasher) hashMap(v reflect.Value, ti *typeInfo, checkCycles bool) {
 	mh := mapHasherPool.Get().(*mapHasher)
 	defer mapHasherPool.Put(mh)
 
@@ -341,8 +468,8 @@ func (h *hasher) hashMap(v reflect.Value) {
 		k.SetIterKey(iter)
 		e.SetIterValue(iter)
 		mh.h.reset()
-		mh.h.hashValue(k)
+		mh.h.hashValueWithType(k, ti.keyTypeInfo, checkCycles)
-		mh.h.hashValue(e)
+		mh.h.hashValueWithType(e, ti.elemTypeInfo, checkCycles)
 		sum.xor(mh.h.sum())
 	}
 	h.bw.Write(append(h.scratch[:0], sum.sum[:]...)) // append into scratch to avoid heap allocation

util/deephash/deephash_test.go

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"go4.org/mem"
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/types/dnstype"
 	"tailscale.com/types/ipproto"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
+	"tailscale.com/types/structs"
 	"tailscale.com/util/dnsname"
 	"tailscale.com/version"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine/filter"
@@ -235,6 +238,41 @@ func getVal() []any {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestTypeIsRecursive(t *testing.T) {
+	type RecursiveStruct struct {
+		v *RecursiveStruct
+	}
+	type RecursiveChan chan *RecursiveChan
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		val  any
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{val: 42, want: false},
+		{val: "string", want: false},
+		{val: 1 + 2i, want: false},
+		{val: struct{}{}, want: false},
+		{val: (*RecursiveStruct)(nil), want: true},
+		{val: RecursiveStruct{}, want: true},
+		{val: time.Unix(0, 0), want: false},
+		{val: structs.Incomparable{}, want: false}, // ignore its [0]func()
+		{val: tailcfg.NetPortRange{}, want: false}, // uses structs.Incomparable
+		{val: (*tailcfg.Node)(nil), want: false},
+		{val: map[string]bool{}, want: false},
+		{val: func() {}, want: false},
+		{val: make(chan int), want: false},
+		{val: unsafe.Pointer(nil), want: false},
+		{val: make(RecursiveChan), want: true},
+		{val: make(chan int), want: false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got := typeIsRecursive(reflect.TypeOf(tt.val))
+		if got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("for type %T: got %v, want %v", tt.val, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 var sink = Hash("foo")
 
 func BenchmarkHash(b *testing.B) {
@@ -255,12 +293,14 @@ func TestHashMapAcyclic(t *testing.T) {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	bw := bufio.NewWriter(&buf)
 
+	ti := getTypeInfo(reflect.TypeOf(m))
+
 	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
 		v := reflect.ValueOf(m)
 		buf.Reset()
 		bw.Reset(&buf)
 		h := &hasher{bw: bw}
-		h.hashMap(v)
+		h.hashMap(v, ti, false)
 		if got[string(buf.Bytes())] {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -279,7 +319,7 @@ func TestPrintArray(t *testing.T) {
 	var got bytes.Buffer
 	bw := bufio.NewWriter(&got)
 	h := &hasher{bw: bw}
-	h.hashValue(reflect.ValueOf(x))
+	h.hashValue(reflect.ValueOf(x), false)
 	bw.Flush()
 	const want = "\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x1f"
 	if got := got.Bytes(); string(got) != want {
@@ -297,13 +337,14 @@ func BenchmarkHashMapAcyclic(b *testing.B) {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	bw := bufio.NewWriter(&buf)
 	v := reflect.ValueOf(m)
+	ti := getTypeInfo(v.Type())
 
 	h := &hasher{bw: bw}
 
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		buf.Reset()
 		bw.Reset(&buf)
-		h.hashMap(v)
+		h.hashMap(v, ti, false)
 	}
 }