feat: Add Twilio Verification Service (#8678)

# Which Problems Are Solved
Twilio supports a robust, multi-channel verification service that
notably supports multi-region SMS sender numbers required for our use
case. Currently, Zitadel does much of the work of the Twilio Verify (eg.
localization, code generation, messaging) but doesn't support the pool
of sender numbers that Twilio Verify does.

# How the Problems Are Solved
To support this API, we need to be able to store the Twilio Service ID
and send that in a verification request where appropriate: phone number
verification and SMS 2FA code paths.

This PR does the following: 
- Adds the ability to use Twilio Verify of standard messaging through
Twilio
- Adds support for international numbers and more reliable verification
messages sent from multiple numbers
- Adds a new Twilio configuration option to support Twilio Verify in the
admin console
- Sends verification SMS messages through Twilio Verify
- Implements Twilio Verification Checks for codes generated through the
same

# Additional Changes

# Additional Context
- base was implemented by @zhirschtritt in
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/pull/8268 ❤️
- closes https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/8581

---------

Co-authored-by: Zachary Hirschtritt <zachary.hirschtritt@klaviyo.com>
Co-authored-by: Joey Biscoglia <joey.biscoglia@klaviyo.com>

internal/command/user_v2_phone.go

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/zitadel/logging"
 
 	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/api/authz"
+	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/command/preparation"
 	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/crypto"
 	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/domain"
 	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/eventstore"
+	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/notification/senders"
 	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/repository/user"
 	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/zerrors"
 )
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ func (c *Commands) changeUserPhoneWithGenerator(ctx context.Context, userID, pho
 	if err = cmd.Change(ctx, domain.PhoneNumber(phone)); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if err = cmd.AddGeneratedCode(ctx, gen, returnCode); err != nil {
+	if err = cmd.AddGeneratedCode(ctx, returnCode); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return cmd.Push(ctx)
@@ -107,10 +109,10 @@ func (c *Commands) resendUserPhoneCodeWithGenerator(ctx context.Context, userID
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	if cmd.model.Code == nil {
+	if cmd.model.Code == nil && cmd.model.GeneratorID == "" {
 		return nil, zerrors.ThrowPreconditionFailed(err, "PHONE-5xrra88eq8", "Errors.User.Code.Empty")
 	}
-	if err = cmd.AddGeneratedCode(ctx, gen, returnCode); err != nil {
+	if err = cmd.AddGeneratedCode(ctx, returnCode); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return cmd.Push(ctx)
@@ -166,10 +168,12 @@ func (c *Commands) removeUserPhone(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*domain.
 // UserPhoneEvents allows step-by-step additions of events,
 // operating on the Human Phone Model.
 type UserPhoneEvents struct {
-	eventstore *eventstore.Eventstore
-	aggregate  *eventstore.Aggregate
-	events     []eventstore.Command
-	model      *HumanPhoneWriteModel
+	eventstore      *eventstore.Eventstore
+	aggregate       *eventstore.Aggregate
+	events          []eventstore.Command
+	model           *HumanPhoneWriteModel
+	generateCode    func(ctx context.Context, filter preparation.FilterToQueryReducer) (*EncryptedCode, string, error)
+	getCodeVerifier func(ctx context.Context, id string) (senders.CodeGenerator, error)
 
 	plainCode *string
 }
@@ -196,6 +200,10 @@ func (c *Commands) NewUserPhoneEvents(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*User
 		eventstore: c.eventstore,
 		aggregate:  UserAggregateFromWriteModel(&model.WriteModel),
 		model:      model,
+		generateCode: func(ctx context.Context, filter preparation.FilterToQueryReducer) (*EncryptedCode, string, error) {
+			return c.newPhoneCode(ctx, filter, domain.SecretGeneratorTypeVerifyPhoneCode, c.userEncryption, c.defaultSecretGenerators.PhoneVerificationCode)
+		},
+		getCodeVerifier: c.phoneCodeVerifier,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -229,15 +237,14 @@ func (c *UserPhoneEvents) SetVerified(ctx context.Context) {
 
 // AddGeneratedCode generates a new encrypted code and sets it to the phone number.
 // When returnCode a plain text of the code will be returned from Push.
-func (c *UserPhoneEvents) AddGeneratedCode(ctx context.Context, gen crypto.Generator, returnCode bool) error {
-	value, plain, err := crypto.NewCode(gen)
+func (c *UserPhoneEvents) AddGeneratedCode(ctx context.Context, returnCode bool) error {
+	code, generatorID, err := c.generateCode(ctx, c.eventstore.Filter) //nolint:staticcheck
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	c.events = append(c.events, user.NewHumanPhoneCodeAddedEventV2(ctx, c.aggregate, value, gen.Expiry(), returnCode))
+	c.events = append(c.events, user.NewHumanPhoneCodeAddedEventV2(ctx, c.aggregate, code.CryptedCode(), code.CodeExpiry(), returnCode, generatorID))
 	if returnCode {
-		c.plainCode = &plain
+		c.plainCode = &code.Plain
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -247,7 +254,17 @@ func (c *UserPhoneEvents) VerifyCode(ctx context.Context, code string, gen crypt
 		return zerrors.ThrowInvalidArgument(nil, "COMMAND-Fia4a", "Errors.User.Code.Empty")
 	}
 
-	err := crypto.VerifyCode(c.model.CodeCreationDate, c.model.CodeExpiry, c.model.Code, code, gen.Alg())
+	err := verifyCode(
+		ctx,
+		c.model.CodeCreationDate,
+		c.model.CodeExpiry,
+		c.model.Code,
+		c.model.GeneratorID,
+		c.model.VerificationID,
+		code,
+		gen.Alg(),
+		c.getCodeVerifier,
+	)
 	if err == nil {
 		c.events = append(c.events, user.NewHumanPhoneVerifiedEvent(ctx, c.aggregate))
 		return nil