diff --git a/apps/login/src/lib/server/loginname.ts b/apps/login/src/lib/server/loginname.ts
index 295f9b455f6..4c05931f8a8 100644
--- a/apps/login/src/lib/server/loginname.ts
+++ b/apps/login/src/lib/server/loginname.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   listAuthenticationMethodTypes,
   listIDPLinks,
   listUsers,
+  ListUsersCommand,
   startIdentityProviderFlow,
 } from "../zitadel";
 import { createSessionAndUpdateCookie } from "./cookie";
@@ -29,21 +30,22 @@ export type SendLoginnameCommand = {
 const ORG_SUFFIX_REGEX = /(?<=@)(.+)/;
 
 export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
-  const users = await listUsers({
-    loginName: command.loginName,
+  const loginSettingsByContext = await getLoginSettings(command.organization);
+
+  let listUsersRequest: ListUsersCommand = {
+    userName: command.loginName,
     organizationId: command.organization,
-  });
+  };
 
-  const loginSettings = await getLoginSettings(command.organization);
+  if (!loginSettingsByContext?.disableLoginWithEmail) {
+    listUsersRequest.email = command.loginName;
+  }
 
-  const potentialUsers = users.result.filter((u) => {
-    const human = u.type.case === "human" ? u.type.value : undefined;
-    return loginSettings?.disableLoginWithEmail
-      ? human?.email?.isVerified && human?.email?.email !== command.loginName
-      : loginSettings?.disableLoginWithPhone
-        ? human?.phone?.isVerified && human?.phone?.phone !== command.loginName
-        : true;
-  });
+  if (!loginSettingsByContext?.disableLoginWithPhone) {
+    listUsersRequest.phone = command.loginName;
+  }
+
+  const { result: potentialUsers } = await listUsers(listUsersRequest);
 
   const redirectUserToSingleIDPIfAvailable = async () => {
     const identityProviders = await getActiveIdentityProviders(
@@ -144,9 +146,16 @@ export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
     }
   };
 
-  if (potentialUsers.length == 1 && potentialUsers[0].userId) {
+  if (potentialUsers.length > 1) {
+    return { error: "More than one user found. Provide a unique identifier." };
+  } else if (potentialUsers.length == 1 && potentialUsers[0].userId) {
+    const user = potentialUsers[0];
     const userId = potentialUsers[0].userId;
 
+    const userLoginSettings = await getLoginSettings(
+      user.details?.resourceOwner,
+    );
+
     const checks = create(ChecksSchema, {
       user: { search: { case: "userId", value: userId } },
     });
@@ -162,7 +171,7 @@ export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
     }
 
     // TODO: check if handling of userstate INITIAL is needed
-    if (potentialUsers[0].state === UserState.INITIAL) {
+    if (user.state === UserState.INITIAL) {
       return { error: "Initial User not supported" };
     }
 
@@ -172,9 +181,9 @@ export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
 
     if (!methods.authMethodTypes || !methods.authMethodTypes.length) {
       if (
-        potentialUsers[0].type.case === "human" &&
-        potentialUsers[0].type.value.email &&
-        !potentialUsers[0].type.value.email.isVerified
+        user.type.case === "human" &&
+        user.type.value.email &&
+        !user.type.value.email.isVerified
       ) {
         const paramsVerify = new URLSearchParams({
           loginName: session.factors?.user?.loginName,
@@ -219,7 +228,7 @@ export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
       const method = methods.authMethodTypes[0];
       switch (method) {
         case AuthenticationMethodType.PASSWORD: // user has only password as auth method
-          if (!loginSettings?.allowUsernamePassword) {
+          if (!userLoginSettings?.allowUsernamePassword) {
             return {
               error:
                 "Username Password not allowed! Contact your administrator for more information.",
@@ -246,7 +255,7 @@ export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
           };
 
         case AuthenticationMethodType.PASSKEY: // AuthenticationMethodType.AUTHENTICATION_METHOD_TYPE_PASSKEY
-          if (loginSettings?.passkeysType === PasskeysType.NOT_ALLOWED) {
+          if (userLoginSettings?.passkeysType === PasskeysType.NOT_ALLOWED) {
             return {
               error:
                 "Passkeys not allowed! Contact your administrator for more information.",
@@ -309,22 +318,24 @@ export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
     }
   }
 
-  // user not found, check if register is enabled on organization
-  if (loginSettings?.allowRegister && !loginSettings?.allowUsernamePassword) {
-    // TODO: do we need to handle login hints for IDPs here?
+  // user not found, check if register is enabled on instance / organization context
+  if (
+    loginSettingsByContext?.allowRegister &&
+    !loginSettingsByContext?.allowUsernamePassword
+  ) {
     const resp = await redirectUserToSingleIDPIfAvailable();
     if (resp) {
       return resp;
     }
     return { error: "Could not find user" };
   } else if (
-    loginSettings?.allowRegister &&
-    loginSettings?.allowUsernamePassword
+    loginSettingsByContext?.allowRegister &&
+    loginSettingsByContext?.allowUsernamePassword
   ) {
     let orgToRegisterOn: string | undefined = command.organization;
 
     if (
-      !loginSettings?.ignoreUnknownUsernames &&
+      !loginSettingsByContext?.ignoreUnknownUsernames &&
       !orgToRegisterOn &&
       command.loginName &&
       ORG_SUFFIX_REGEX.test(command.loginName)
@@ -344,7 +355,7 @@ export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
     }
 
     // do not register user if ignoreUnknownUsernames is set
-    if (orgToRegisterOn && !loginSettings?.ignoreUnknownUsernames) {
+    if (orgToRegisterOn && !loginSettingsByContext?.ignoreUnknownUsernames) {
       const params = new URLSearchParams({ organization: orgToRegisterOn });
 
       if (command.authRequestId) {
@@ -358,7 +369,7 @@ export async function sendLoginname(command: SendLoginnameCommand) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (loginSettings?.ignoreUnknownUsernames) {
+  if (loginSettingsByContext?.ignoreUnknownUsernames) {
     const paramsPasswordDefault = new URLSearchParams({
       loginName: command.loginName,
     });
diff --git a/apps/login/src/lib/zitadel.ts b/apps/login/src/lib/zitadel.ts
index 0afc4c4dc19..1858145016e 100644
--- a/apps/login/src/lib/zitadel.ts
+++ b/apps/login/src/lib/zitadel.ts
@@ -291,19 +291,24 @@ export async function createInviteCode(userId: string, host: string | null) {
   );
 }
 
-export async function listUsers({
-  loginName,
-  userName,
-  email,
-  organizationId,
-}: {
+export type ListUsersCommand = {
   loginName?: string;
   userName?: string;
   email?: string;
+  phone?: string;
   organizationId?: string;
-}) {
+};
+
+export async function listUsers({
+  loginName,
+  userName,
+  phone,
+  email,
+  organizationId,
+}: ListUsersCommand) {
   const queries: SearchQuery[] = [];
 
+  // either loginName or userName and email or phone are required
   if (loginName) {
     queries.push(
       create(SearchQuerySchema, {
@@ -316,9 +321,57 @@ export async function listUsers({
         },
       }),
     );
-  }
+  } else if (userName && (email || phone)) {
+    const userNameQuery = create(SearchQuerySchema, {
+      query: {
+        case: "userNameQuery",
+        value: {
+          userName: userName,
+          method: TextQueryMethod.EQUALS,
+        },
+      },
+    });
 
-  if (userName) {
+    const orQueries: SearchQuery[] = [userNameQuery];
+
+    if (email) {
+      const emailQuery = create(SearchQuerySchema, {
+        query: {
+          case: "emailQuery",
+          value: {
+            emailAddress: email,
+            method: TextQueryMethod.EQUALS,
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      orQueries.push(emailQuery);
+    }
+
+    if (phone) {
+      // TODO add after https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/9016 is merged
+      // const phoneQuery = create(SearchQuerySchema, {
+      //   query: {
+      //     case: "phoneQuery",
+      //     value: {
+      //       emailAddress: email,
+      //       method: TextQueryMethod.EQUALS,
+      //     },
+      //   },
+      // });
+      // orQueries.push(phoneQuery);
+    }
+
+    queries.push(
+      create(SearchQuerySchema, {
+        query: {
+          case: "orQuery",
+          value: {
+            queries: orQueries,
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+    );
+  } else if (userName) {
     queries.push(
       create(SearchQuerySchema, {
         query: {
@@ -345,19 +398,6 @@ export async function listUsers({
     );
   }
 
-  if (email) {
-    queries.push(
-      create(SearchQuerySchema, {
-        query: {
-          case: "emailQuery",
-          value: {
-            emailAddress: email,
-          },
-        },
-      }),
-    );
-  }
-
   return userService.listUsers({ queries: queries });
 }