perf: role permissions in database (#9152)

# Which Problems Are Solved

Currently ZITADEL defines organization and instance member roles and
permissions in defaults.yaml. The permission check is done on API call
level. For example: "is this user allowed to make this call on this
org". This makes sense on the V1 API where the API is permission-level
shaped. For example, a search for users always happens in the context of
the organization. (Either the organization the calling user belongs to,
or through member ship and the x-zitadel-orgid header.

However, for resource based APIs we must be able to resolve permissions
by object. For example, an IAM_OWNER listing users should be able to get
all users in an instance based on the query filters. Alternatively a
user may have user.read permissions on one or more orgs. They should be
able to read just those users.

# How the Problems Are Solved

## Role permission mapping

The role permission mappings defined from `defaults.yaml` or local
config override are synchronized to the database on every run of
`zitadel setup`:

- A single query per **aggregate** builds a list of `add` and `remove`
actions needed to reach the desired state or role permission mappings
from the config.
- The required events based on the actions are pushed to the event
store.
- Events define search fields so that permission checking can use the
indices and is strongly consistent for both query and command sides.

The migration is split in the following aggregates:

- System aggregate for for roles prefixed with `SYSTEM`
- Each instance for roles not prefixed with `SYSTEM`. This is in
anticipation of instance level management over the API.

## Membership

Current instance / org / project membership events now have field table
definitions. Like the role permissions this ensures strong consistency
while still being able to use the indices of the fields table. A
migration is provided to fill the membership fields.

## Permission check

I aimed keeping the mental overhead to the developer to a minimal. The
provided implementation only provides a permission check for list
queries for org level resources, for example users. In the `query`
package there is a simple helper function `wherePermittedOrgs` which
makes sure the underlying database function is called as part of the
`SELECT` query and the permitted organizations are part of the `WHERE`
clause. This makes sure results from non-permitted organizations are
omitted. Under the hood:

- A Pg/PlSQL function searches for a list of organization IDs the passed
user has the passed permission.
- When the user has the permission on instance level, it returns early
with all organizations.
- The functions uses a number of views. The views help mapping the
fields entries into relational data and simplify the code use for the
function. The views provide some pre-filters which allow proper index
usage once the final `WHERE` clauses are set by the function.

# Additional Changes



# Additional Context

Closes #9032
Closes https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/9014

https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/9188 defines follow-ups for
the new permission framework based on this concept.

internal/repository/member/events.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/internal/zerrors"
 )
 
+// Event types
 const (
 	UniqueMember            = "member"
 	AddedEventType          = "member.added"
@@ -15,6 +16,13 @@ const (
 	CascadeRemovedEventType = "member.cascade.removed"
 )
 
+// Field table and unique types
+const (
+	memberRoleTypeSuffix  string = "_member_role"
+	MemberRoleRevision    uint8  = 1
+	roleSearchFieldSuffix string = "_role"
+)
+
 func NewAddMemberUniqueConstraint(aggregateID, userID string) *eventstore.UniqueConstraint {
 	return eventstore.NewAddEventUniqueConstraint(
 		UniqueMember,
@@ -44,6 +52,32 @@ func (e *MemberAddedEvent) UniqueConstraints() []*eventstore.UniqueConstraint {
 	return []*eventstore.UniqueConstraint{NewAddMemberUniqueConstraint(e.Aggregate().ID, e.UserID)}
 }
 
+func (e *MemberAddedEvent) FieldOperations(prefix string) []*eventstore.FieldOperation {
+	ops := make([]*eventstore.FieldOperation, len(e.Roles))
+	for i, role := range e.Roles {
+		ops[i] = eventstore.SetField(
+			e.Aggregate(),
+			memberSearchObject(prefix, e.UserID),
+			prefix+roleSearchFieldSuffix,
+			&eventstore.Value{
+				Value:        role,
+				MustBeUnique: false,
+				ShouldIndex:  true,
+			},
+
+			eventstore.FieldTypeInstanceID,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeResourceOwner,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeAggregateType,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeAggregateID,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeObjectType,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeObjectID,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeFieldName,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeValue,
+		)
+	}
+	return ops
+}
+
 func NewMemberAddedEvent(
 	base *eventstore.BaseEvent,
 	userID string,
@@ -85,6 +119,38 @@ func (e *MemberChangedEvent) UniqueConstraints() []*eventstore.UniqueConstraint
 	return nil
 }
 
+// FieldOperations removes the existing membership role fields first and sets the new roles after.
+func (e *MemberChangedEvent) FieldOperations(prefix string) []*eventstore.FieldOperation {
+	ops := make([]*eventstore.FieldOperation, len(e.Roles)+1)
+	ops[0] = eventstore.RemoveSearchFieldsByAggregateAndObject(
+		e.Aggregate(),
+		memberSearchObject(prefix, e.UserID),
+	)
+
+	for i, role := range e.Roles {
+		ops[i+1] = eventstore.SetField(
+			e.Aggregate(),
+			memberSearchObject(prefix, e.UserID),
+			prefix+roleSearchFieldSuffix,
+			&eventstore.Value{
+				Value:        role,
+				MustBeUnique: false,
+				ShouldIndex:  true,
+			},
+
+			eventstore.FieldTypeInstanceID,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeResourceOwner,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeAggregateType,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeAggregateID,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeObjectType,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeObjectID,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeFieldName,
+			eventstore.FieldTypeValue,
+		)
+	}
+	return ops
+}
+
 func NewMemberChangedEvent(
 	base *eventstore.BaseEvent,
 	userID string,
@@ -124,6 +190,15 @@ func (e *MemberRemovedEvent) UniqueConstraints() []*eventstore.UniqueConstraint
 	return []*eventstore.UniqueConstraint{NewRemoveMemberUniqueConstraint(e.Aggregate().ID, e.UserID)}
 }
 
+func (e *MemberRemovedEvent) FieldOperations(prefix string) []*eventstore.FieldOperation {
+	return []*eventstore.FieldOperation{
+		eventstore.RemoveSearchFieldsByAggregateAndObject(
+			e.Aggregate(),
+			memberSearchObject(prefix, e.UserID),
+		),
+	}
+}
+
 func NewRemovedEvent(
 	base *eventstore.BaseEvent,
 	userID string,
@@ -162,6 +237,15 @@ func (e *MemberCascadeRemovedEvent) UniqueConstraints() []*eventstore.UniqueCons
 	return []*eventstore.UniqueConstraint{NewRemoveMemberUniqueConstraint(e.Aggregate().ID, e.UserID)}
 }
 
+func (e *MemberCascadeRemovedEvent) FieldOperations(prefix string) []*eventstore.FieldOperation {
+	return []*eventstore.FieldOperation{
+		eventstore.RemoveSearchFieldsByAggregateAndObject(
+			e.Aggregate(),
+			memberSearchObject(prefix, e.UserID),
+		),
+	}
+}
+
 func NewCascadeRemovedEvent(
 	base *eventstore.BaseEvent,
 	userID string,
@@ -185,3 +269,11 @@ func CascadeRemovedEventMapper(event eventstore.Event) (eventstore.Event, error)
 
 	return e, nil
 }
+
+func memberSearchObject(prefix, userID string) eventstore.Object {
+	return eventstore.Object{
+		Type:     prefix + memberRoleTypeSuffix,
+		ID:       userID,
+		Revision: MemberRoleRevision,
+	}
+}