perf: role permissions in database (#9152)

# Which Problems Are Solved

Currently ZITADEL defines organization and instance member roles and
permissions in defaults.yaml. The permission check is done on API call
level. For example: "is this user allowed to make this call on this
org". This makes sense on the V1 API where the API is permission-level
shaped. For example, a search for users always happens in the context of
the organization. (Either the organization the calling user belongs to,
or through member ship and the x-zitadel-orgid header.

However, for resource based APIs we must be able to resolve permissions
by object. For example, an IAM_OWNER listing users should be able to get
all users in an instance based on the query filters. Alternatively a
user may have user.read permissions on one or more orgs. They should be
able to read just those users.

# How the Problems Are Solved

## Role permission mapping

The role permission mappings defined from `defaults.yaml` or local
config override are synchronized to the database on every run of
`zitadel setup`:

- A single query per **aggregate** builds a list of `add` and `remove`
actions needed to reach the desired state or role permission mappings
from the config.
- The required events based on the actions are pushed to the event
store.
- Events define search fields so that permission checking can use the
indices and is strongly consistent for both query and command sides.

The migration is split in the following aggregates:

- System aggregate for for roles prefixed with `SYSTEM`
- Each instance for roles not prefixed with `SYSTEM`. This is in
anticipation of instance level management over the API.

## Membership

Current instance / org / project membership events now have field table
definitions. Like the role permissions this ensures strong consistency
while still being able to use the indices of the fields table. A
migration is provided to fill the membership fields.

## Permission check

I aimed keeping the mental overhead to the developer to a minimal. The
provided implementation only provides a permission check for list
queries for org level resources, for example users. In the `query`
package there is a simple helper function `wherePermittedOrgs` which
makes sure the underlying database function is called as part of the
`SELECT` query and the permitted organizations are part of the `WHERE`
clause. This makes sure results from non-permitted organizations are
omitted. Under the hood:

- A Pg/PlSQL function searches for a list of organization IDs the passed
user has the passed permission.
- When the user has the permission on instance level, it returns early
with all organizations.
- The functions uses a number of views. The views help mapping the
fields entries into relational data and simplify the code use for the
function. The views provide some pre-filters which allow proper index
usage once the final `WHERE` clauses are set by the function.

# Additional Changes



# Additional Context

Closes #9032
Closes https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/9014

https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/9188 defines follow-ups for
the new permission framework based on this concept.

proto/zitadel/feature/v2/instance.proto

@@ -99,6 +99,13 @@ message SetInstanceFeaturesRequest{
       description: "Specify the login UI for all users and applications regardless of their preference.";
     }
   ];
+
+  optional bool permission_check_v2 = 14 [
+    (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {
+      example: "true";
+      description: "Enable a newer, more performant, permission check used for v2 and v3 resource based APIs.";
+    }
+  ];
 }
 
 message SetInstanceFeaturesResponse {
@@ -212,4 +219,10 @@ message GetInstanceFeaturesResponse {
       description: "If the flag is set, all users will be redirected to the login V2 regardless of the application's preference.";
     }
   ];
+
+  FeatureFlag permission_check_v2 = 15 [
+    (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {
+      description: "Enable a newer, more performant, permission check used for v2 and v3 resource based APIs.";
+    }
+  ];
 }

proto/zitadel/feature/v2/system.proto

@@ -88,6 +88,13 @@ message SetSystemFeaturesRequest{
       description: "Specify the login UI for all users and applications regardless of their preference.";
     }
   ];
+
+  optional bool permission_check_v2 = 12 [
+    (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {
+      example: "true";
+      description: "Enable a newer, more performant, permission check used for v2 and v3 resource based APIs.";
+    }
+  ];
 }
 
 message SetSystemFeaturesResponse {
@@ -180,4 +187,10 @@ message GetSystemFeaturesResponse {
       description: "If the flag is set, all users will be redirected to the login V2 regardless of the application's preference.";
     }
   ];
+
+  FeatureFlag permission_check_v2 = 13 [
+    (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {
+      description: "Enable a newer, more performant, permission check used for v2 and v3 resource based APIs.";
+    }
+  ];
 }