ipn/ipnlocal: add c2n method to get SSH username candidates

For control to fetch a list of Tailscale SSH username candidates to
filter against the Tailnet's SSH policy to present some valid
candidates to a user.

Updates #3802
Updates tailscale/corp#7007

Change-Id: I3dce57b7a35e66891d5e5572e13ae6ef3c898498
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>

ipn/ipnlocal/c2n.go

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@
 package ipnlocal
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 )
 
 func (b *LocalBackend) handleC2N(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -15,6 +18,21 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) handleC2N(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// Test handler.
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 		w.Write(body)
+	case "/ssh/usernames":
+		var req tailcfg.C2NSSHUsernamesRequest
+		if r.Method == "POST" {
+			if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		res, err := b.getSSHUsernames(&req)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(res)
 	default:
 		http.Error(w, "unknown c2n path", http.StatusBadRequest)
 	}

ipn/ipnlocal/ssh.go

@@ -19,11 +19,17 @@
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/tailscale/golang-x-crypto/ssh"
+	"go4.org/mem"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+	"tailscale.com/util/lineread"
 	"tailscale.com/util/mak"
 )
 
@@ -32,6 +38,77 @@
 // running as root.
 var keyTypes = []string{"rsa", "ecdsa", "ed25519"}
 
+func (b *LocalBackend) getSSHUsernames(req *tailcfg.C2NSSHUsernamesRequest) (*tailcfg.C2NSSHUsernamesResponse, error) {
+	res := new(tailcfg.C2NSSHUsernamesResponse)
+
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if b.sshServer == nil {
+		return res, nil
+	}
+	max := 10
+	if req != nil && req.Max != 0 {
+		max = req.Max
+	}
+
+	add := func(u string) {
+		if req != nil && req.Exclude[u] {
+			return
+		}
+		switch u {
+		case "nobody", "daemon", "sync":
+			return
+		}
+		if slices.Contains(res.Usernames, u) {
+			return
+		}
+		if len(res.Usernames) > max {
+			// Enough for a hint.
+			return
+		}
+		res.Usernames = append(res.Usernames, u)
+	}
+
+	if b.prefs != nil && b.prefs.OperatorUser != "" {
+		add(b.prefs.OperatorUser)
+	}
+
+	// Check popular usernames and see if they exist with a real shell.
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		out, err := exec.Command("dscl", ".", "list", "/Users").Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		lineread.Reader(bytes.NewReader(out), func(line []byte) error {
+			line = bytes.TrimSpace(line)
+			if len(line) == 0 || line[0] == '_' {
+				return nil
+			}
+			add(string(line))
+			return nil
+		})
+	default:
+		lineread.File("/etc/passwd", func(line []byte) error {
+			line = bytes.TrimSpace(line)
+			if len(line) == 0 || line[0] == '#' || line[0] == '_' {
+				return nil
+			}
+			if mem.HasSuffix(mem.B(line), mem.S("/nologin")) ||
+				mem.HasSuffix(mem.B(line), mem.S("/false")) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			colon := bytes.IndexByte(line, ':')
+			if colon != -1 {
+				add(string(line[:colon]))
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
 func (b *LocalBackend) GetSSH_HostKeys() (keys []ssh.Signer, err error) {
 	var existing map[string]ssh.Signer
 	if os.Geteuid() == 0 {

ipn/ipnlocal/ssh_stub.go

@@ -6,6 +6,16 @@
 
 package ipnlocal
 
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+)
+
 func (b *LocalBackend) getSSHHostKeyPublicStrings() []string {
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (b *LocalBackend) getSSHUsernames(*tailcfg.C2NSSHUsernamesRequest) (*tailcfg.C2NSSHUsernamesResponse, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("not implemented")
+}

ipn/ipnlocal/ssh_test.go

@@ -2,14 +2,18 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-//go:build linux
-// +build linux
+//go:build linux || (darwin && !ios)
+// +build linux darwin,!ios
 
 package ipnlocal
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
+
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+	"tailscale.com/util/must"
 )
 
 func TestSSHKeyGen(t *testing.T) {
@@ -40,3 +44,17 @@ func TestSSHKeyGen(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("got different keys on second call")
 	}
 }
+
+type fakeSSHServer struct {
+	SSHServer
+}
+
+func TestGetSSHUsernames(t *testing.T) {
+	b := new(LocalBackend)
+	b.sshServer = fakeSSHServer{}
+	res, err := b.getSSHUsernames(new(tailcfg.C2NSSHUsernamesRequest))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Logf("Got: %s", must.Get(json.Marshal(res)))
+}

tailcfg/c2ntypes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// c2n (control-to-node) API types.
+
+package tailcfg
+
+// C2NSSHUsernamesRequest is the request for the /ssh/usernames.
+// A GET request without a request body is equivalent to the zero value of this type.
+// Otherwise, a POST request with a JSON-encoded request body is expected.
+type C2NSSHUsernamesRequest struct {
+	// Exclude optionally specifies usernames to exclude
+	// from the response.
+	Exclude map[string]bool `json:",omitempty"`
+
+	// Max is the maximum number of usernames to return.
+	// If zero, a default limit is used.
+	Max int `json:",omitempty"`
+}
+
+// C2NSSHUsernamesResponse is the response (from node to control) from the
+// /ssh/usernames handler.
+//
+// It returns username auto-complete suggestions for a user to SSH to this node.
+// It's only shown to people who already have SSH access to the node. If this
+// returns multiple usernames, only the usernames that would have access per the
+// tailnet's ACLs are shown to the user so as to not leak the existence of
+// usernames.
+type C2NSSHUsernamesResponse struct {
+	// Usernames is the list of usernames to suggest. If the machine has many
+	// users, this list may be truncated. If getting the list of usernames might
+	// be too slow or unavailable, this list might be empty. This is effectively
+	// just a best effort set of hints.
+	Usernames []string
+}